memcache还是redis

经常在项目里会遇见作为缓存是选择memcache还是redis，虽然redis在近几年比较火，但也不能完全就认为redis可以取代memcache，他两也有各自的优点。下面来看看两者之间的不同。

下面内容来自Redis作者在stackoverflow上的一个回答，对应的问题是《Is memcached a dinosaur in comparison to Redis?》

You should not care too much about performances. Redis is faster per core with small values, but memcached is able to use multiple cores with a single executable and TCP port without help from the client. Also memcached is faster with big values in the order of 100k. Redis recently improved a lot about big values (unstable branch) but still memcached is faster in this use case. The point here is: nor one or the other will likely going to be your bottleneck for the query-per-second they can deliver.

没有必要过多的关注性能。由于Redis只使用单核，而Memcached可以使用多核，所以在比较上，平均每一个核上Redis在存储小数据时比Memcached性能更高。而在100k以上的数据中，Memcached性能要高于Redis，虽然Redis最近也在存储大数据的性能上进行优化，但是比起Memcached，还是稍有逊色。说了这么多，结论是，无论你使用哪一个，每秒处理请求的次数都不会成为瓶颈。

You should care about memory usage. For simple key-value pairs memcached is more memory efficient. If you use Redis hashes, Redis is more memory efficient. Depends on the use case.

你需要关注内存使用率。对于key-value这样简单的数据储存，memcache的内存使用率更高。如果采用hash结构，redis的内存使用率会更高。当然，这些都依赖于具体的应用场景。

You should care about persistence and replication, two features only available in Redis. Even if your goal is to build a cache it helps that after an upgrade or a reboot your data are still there.
你需要关注关注数据持久化和主从复制时，只有redis拥有这两个特性。如果你的目标是构建一个缓存在升级或者重启后之前的数据不会丢失的话，那也只能选择redis。

You should care about the kind of operations you need. In Redis there are a lot of complex operations, even just considering the caching use case, you often can do a lot more in a single operation, without requiring data to be processed client side (a lot of I/O is sometimes needed). This operations are often as fast as plain GET and SET. So if you don’t need just GEt/SET but more complex things Redis can help a lot (think at timeline caching).
你应该关心你需要的操作。redis支持很多复杂的操作，甚至只考虑内存的使用情况，在一个单一操作里你常常可以做很多，而不需要将数据读取到客户端中（这样会需要很多的IO操作）。这些复杂的操作基本上和纯GET和POST操作一样快，所以你不只是需要GET/SET而是更多的操作时，redis会起很大的作用。

对于两者的选择还是要看具体的应用场景，如果需要缓存的数据只是key-value这样简单的结构时，我在项目里还是采用memcache，它也足够的稳定可靠。如果涉及到存储，排序等一系列复杂的操作时，毫无疑问选择redis。