树莓派连接天猫精灵音箱通过蓝牙播放音乐的方法

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 06:54:25 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 06:54:25 发布
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使用bluealsa通过命令行指定某个蓝牙音箱播放

安装bluealsa有两种方法，第一种是通过apt安装，第二种是通过源码安装。

1. 通过apt安装bluealsa

1.1 安装并启动bluealsa服务

sudo apt-get install bluealsa
sudo service bluealsa start

1.2 将pi加入对应用户组

sudo adduser pi bluetooth
sudo adduser pi audio

1.3 修改/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service

将ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd修改为ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --noplugin=sap --plugin=a2dp
文件最后添加(似乎不加也行)

[Install]
WantedBy=bluetooth.target
Alias=dbus-org.bluez.service

1.4 重启服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth

1.5 连接蓝牙音箱

sudo bluetoothctl

然后依次输入power on 和 scan on:

[bluetooth]# power on
Changing power on succeeded
[bluetooth]# scan on
Discovery started
[CHG] Controller xx:xx:xx:xx:5F:11 Discovering: yes
[NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:5A:19:8A xx-xx-xx-5A-19-8A
[NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 xx-xx-xx-84-81-86
[NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:48:0D xx-xx-xx-8A-48-0D
[NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:85:84:9E LYWSD03MMC
[NEW] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 LYWSD03MMC
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C RSSI: -65
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 RSSI: -45
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 ManufacturerData Key: 0x004c
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 ManufacturerData Value:
  xx xx xx 59 75 0d de c3 15 f6 85 e9 c7  .....`Yu........
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 RSSI: -77
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 RSSI: -54
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 RSSI: -87

输入devices查看设备列表

[bluetooth]# devices
Device XX:XX:XX:DD:21:84 LYWSD03MMC
Device XX:XX:XX:85:84:9E LYWSD03MMC
Device XX:XX:XX:8A:48:0D xx-xx-xx-8A-48-0D
Device XX:XX:XX:84:81:86 xx-xx-xx-84-81-86
Device XX:XX:XX:5A:19:8A xx-xx-xx-5A-19-8A
Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C 方糖(6C:7C)

我要连接我的天猫精灵方糖(列表中的方糖(6C:7C)，XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C是它的mac地址)。首次连接，需要pair并trust(trust之后下次会自动连接)，如果你的天猫精灵不在列表里，那就语音唤醒天猫精灵并说“打开蓝牙”，然后重新scan on一次。

pair XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
trust XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C

首次pair可能需要手动输入yes确认。

[bluetooth]# pair XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
Attempting to pair with XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: yes
Request confirmation
[agent] Confirm passkey 529316 (yes/no): yes
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Modalias: bluetooth:v000Fp1200d1436
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C UUIDs: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: yes
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Paired: yes
Pairing successful
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: no
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: no

[bluetooth]# trust XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Trusted: yes
Changing XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C trust succeeded

我要连接我的天猫精灵方糖，使用connect命令即可：

connect XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C

连接成功后前面的提示符会从[bluetooth]变成设备名(本例为[方糖(6C:7C)])：

[bluetooth]# connect XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
Attempting to connect to XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C Connected: yes
Connection successful
[CHG] Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C ServicesResolved: yes
[方糖(6C:7C)]#

1.6 播放wav音频

连接成功以后exit退出，就可以使用aplay命令通过该设备播放音频了:

aplay -D bluealsa:DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp ./cat1.wav

$ aplay -D bluealsa:DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp ./cat1.wav
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1309: Getting BlueALSA PCM: PLAYBACK XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C a2dp
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1062: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Setting constraints
Playing WAVE './cat1.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 16000 Hz, Mono
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:532: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing HW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:567: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: FIFO buffer size: 1024 frames
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:576: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Selected HW buffer: 4 periods x 24000 bytes == 96000 bytes
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:639: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Prepared
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:356: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Starting
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:226: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_xx_xx_xx_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Starting IO loop: 8
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:607: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Changing SW avail min: 6000 -> 1
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:600: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Initializing SW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:607: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Changing SW avail min: 1 -> 6000
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:231: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Pausing IO thread
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:392: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Stopping
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:161: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: IO thread cleanup
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:392: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Stopping
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:592: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Freeing HW
D: ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:443: /org/bluealsa/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/a2dpsrc/sink: Closing

但是通过-D bluealsa:DEV=10:9E:3A:30:CB:5C来每次指定设备，还要通过PROFILE=a2dp指定profile很麻烦，我们可以设置指定默认的播放设备和profile。编辑用户配置文件~/.asoundrc即可。

nano ~/.asoundrc

内容改为:

pcm.!default {
        type plug
        slave.pcm {
                type bluealsa
                device "XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C"
                profile "a2dp"
        }
}
pcm.fangtang {
        type plug
        slave.pcm {
                type bluealsa
                device "XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C"
                profile "a2dp"
        }
}

注：还有一个全局配置文件/etc/asound.conf

1.7 播放MP3格式音频

aplay无法播放MP3格式的音频，我们需要mplayer

sudo apt install mplayer
mplayer cat.mp3
#或者使用alsa默认设备
mplayer -ao alsa cat.mp3
#或者指定设备
mplayer -ao alsa:device=fangtang cat.mp3

1.8 你可能需要的一些对debug有用的命令

1.8.1 bluealsa相关
bluealsa-aplay --list-pcms
bluealsa-aplay --list-devices
bluealsa-aplay -L
1.8.2 bluetoothctl相关

list： 列出所有接口。 使用 select XX:XX:XX... 选择其他接口。
devices ：列出所有设备. 使用 scan on, scan off 查找新设备。
info XX:XX:XX... ： 显示指定设备的信息。
remove XX:XX:XX... ：移除指定设备。当设备出现问题时，可以通过这种方式调试。
connect XX:XX:XX...: 连接指定设备。
disconnect XX:XX:XX...: 断开指定设备。
pair XX:XX:XX...: 配对指定设备。
trust XX:XX:XX...: 信任指定设备。
power on: 打开bluetooth电源。
scan on: 开始扫描设备。
agent NoInputNoOutput : 使用这种模式作为蓝牙sink可以无需介入直接连接。
default-agent : 将当前agent模式作为默认。
discoverable on ：将当前设备转为可发现状态。

这些命令可以在sudo bluetoothctl之后在[bluetooth]提示符内运行，或者直接在系统命令行运行bluetoothctl 命令，例如bluetoothctl info, bluetoothctl connect XX:XX:XX...。
例如：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ bluetoothctl info
Device XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C (public)
	Name: 方糖(6C:7C)
	Alias: 方糖(6C:7C)
	Class: 0x002c0414
	Icon: audio-card
	Paired: yes
	Trusted: yes
	Blocked: no
	Connected: yes
	LegacyPairing: no
	UUID: Audio Sink                (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: A/V Remote Control        (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: PnP Information           (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Generic Access Profile    (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	Modalias: bluetooth:v000Fp1200d1436
1.8.3 其它

busctl tree org.bluez - 查看连接的设备

pi@raspberrypi:~/sound $ bluealsa-aplay --list-pcms
bluealsa:SRV=org.bluealsa,DEV=XX:XX:XX:30:CB:5C,PROFILE=a2dp
    方糖(6C:7C), trusted audio-card, playback
    A2DP (SBC): S16_LE 2 channels 48000 Hz

查看相关日志：

dmesg | egrep -i 'blue|firm'
tail -f /var/log/syslog
journalctl -u bluetooth
journalctl | grep blue

service bluetooth status 或者 sudo systemctl status bluetooth查看服务状态

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ service bluetooth status
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-06-15 09:48:02 CST; 5h 2min ago
     Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
 Main PID: 386 (bluetoothd)
   Status: "Running"
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 725)
   CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
           └─386 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --noplugin=sap --plugin=a2dp

6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Ignoring (cli) battery
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Ignoring (cli) sixaxis
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Bluetooth management interface 1.18 initialized
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b)
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/AAC/source/1
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/AAC/source/2
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1
6月 15 09:48:02 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.2 path=/org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2
6月 15 11:16:10 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: /org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/fd0: fd(17) ready
6月 15 12:41:37 raspberrypi bluetoothd[386]: /org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_9E_3A_30_CB_5C/fd1: fd(17) ready

注：Failed to set privacy: Rejected (0x0b)不影响播放。

Couldn't get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found错误

ALSA lib ../../../src/asound/bluealsa-pcm.c:1313:(_snd_pcm_bluealsa_open) Couldn't get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found
aplay: main:828: audio open error: 没有那个设备

原因：通常是因为设备没有连接。只要配对并连接上设备，就OK了。

========= 以下内容较为复杂，供参考 ===========

2. 通过源码安装bluealsa

2.1 下载bluealsa源码

git clone https://github.com/Arkq/bluez-alsa.git

2.2 安装必要依赖

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git automake autoconf build-essential libtool pkg-config python-docutils
sudo apt install bluez bluez-tools libasound2-dev libbluetooth-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libsbc-dev

2.3 编译安装

cd bluez-alsa
autoreconf --install --force
mkdir build && cd build
# 以下configure命令二选一
#../configure --enable-aac --enable-ofono --enable-debug
../configure CFLAGS="-g -O0" LDFLAGS="-g" --enable-debug
make && sudo make install

如果configure里面使用了--enable-aac选项，那么需要先编译安装fdk-aac，否则会报错:

cd ~
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mstorsjo/fdk-aac
cd fdk-aac \
&& autoreconf -fiv \
&& ./configure \
&& make -j$(nproc) \
&& sudo make install

2.4 运行Bluealsa

$ sudo bluealsa -i hci0 -p a2dp-source

#如果编译安装正确，sudo bluealsa -S 之后会出现如下信息
bluealsa: D: ../../src/main.c:580: Starting main dispatching loop
bluealsa: D: ../../src/main.c:112: Acquired D-Bus service name: org.bluealsa
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluealsa-dbus.c:426: Registering D-Bus manager: /org/bluealsa
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:679: Registering battery provider: /org/bluez/hci0/battery
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:699: BlueZ battery provider support not available
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:493: Creating media endpoint object: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:402: Registering media endpoint: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/1
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:493: Creating media endpoint object: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:402: Registering media endpoint: /org/bluez/hci0/A2DP/SBC/source/2
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:928: Creating hands-free profile object: /org/bluez/HSP/AudioGateway
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:852: Registering hands-free profile: /org/bluez/HSP/AudioGateway
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:928: Creating hands-free profile object: /org/bluez/HFP/AudioGateway
bluealsa: D: ../../src/bluez.c:852: Registering hands-free profile: /org/bluez/HFP/AudioGateway

2.5 将pi加入对应用户组

sudo adduser pi bluetooth
sudo adduser pi audio

2.6 将bluealsa加入开机启动

编辑开机启动文件:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

在exit行之前加入如下内容

# Start bluealsa as root <https://github.com/Arkq/bluez-alsa>
export LIBASOUND_THREAD_SAFE=0
/usr/bin/bluealsa -i hci0 -p a2dp-source &

sudo reboot之后通过ps -ef | grep bluealsa命令确认它在运行。

参考资料：

  1. alsa - How to stream sound to a bluetooth device from a raspberry pi zero - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange
  2. Using the BlueALSA ALSA pcm plugin · Arkq/bluez-alsa Wiki
  3. Gitee 极速下载/Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend
  4. Arkq/bluez-alsa: Bluetooth Audio ALSA Backend
  5. Help with “Couldn’t get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found” error · Issue #394 · Arkq/bluez-alsa
    6.sound - Sending audio to bluetooth speaker with bluealsa - Ask Ubuntu
  6. pi 3 - Raspberry Pi 3, can’t connect to more than one bluetooth speaker via pulseaudio - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange
  7. alsa - How to stream sound to a bluetooth device from a raspberry pi zero - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange
  8. Couldn’t get BlueALSA PCM: PCM not found · Issue #553 · Arkq/bluez-alsa
  9. alsa - I want to allow two instances of mPlayer to play music over a single bluetooth link to a speaker - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange
  10. [SOLVED] RPi4 Bluetooth woes - Raspberry Pi Forums
  11. A script to play all audio formats. You only need the dll’s found at https://github.com/elibroftw/music-caster/tree/master/vlc
  12. Bluetooth audio on a headless Raspberry Pi using BlueAlsa — introt docs
  13. Raspberry Pi Bluetooth Speaker: Play Audio Wirelessly using Raspberry Pi（Pi作为Bluetooth Sink）
  14. BlueALSA: Bluetooth-Audio using ALSA (not PulseAudio) - Off-topic - Armbian Community Forums
  15. dotfiles/bluealsa_dev_select.sh at master · ohel/dotfiles
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一个博客
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文章目录环境拉取镜像 环境 拉取镜像 docker pull bestlibre/armhf-mopidy，若下载不顺利，可以尝试全局科学上网。
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hcidump -w /tmp/btsnoop.cfa &记录hci log日志 rtl8723 bluealsa-aplay --profile-sco 00:00:00:00:00:00 这条命令不能输入，不然录音 # arecord -D bluealsa:HCI=hci0,DEV=CC:98:8B:E2:98:B0,PROFILE=sco -d 10 /11as.wa v ../shared/ctl-client.c:105: Connecting to socket: /var/r.
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2.1、找准切入点，将人工智能产品化 图普科技的崛起始于从“鉴黄识别”领域巧妙的切入。读图时代的到来改变了以文字为主的信息传递方式，但海量的图像内容中却又充斥着大量色情、暴力的信息。尤其是在 UGC 领域，...
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ffmpeg drawtext Positions Top left x=0:y=0 (with 10 pixel padding x=10:y=10) Top center x=(w-text_w)/2:y=0 (with 10 px padding x=(w-text_w)/2:y=10) Top right x=w-tw:y=0 (with 10 px padding: x=w-tw-1...
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SimonLiu的博客
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SimonLiu的博客
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SimonLiu的博客
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如果你是按照网上某些文章的命令： git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git 安装x264,就会遇到如下错误： pi@zerow:~ $ git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git 正克隆到 'x264'... fatal: repository 'http://git.videolan.org/x264.git/' ...
bluealsa测试蓝牙音箱能否播放音乐
最新发布
08-09
bluealsa是一个开源的蓝牙音频服务，它可以连接蓝牙设备并通过蓝牙协议传输音频数据。在测试蓝牙音箱是否能够播放音乐前，我们需要确保以下几点： 1. 确保蓝牙音箱已经与计算机或者手机成功建立蓝牙连接。这可以通过在计算机或者手机的蓝牙设置中查看已连接的设备来确认。 2. 安装bluealsa服务并将其配置正确。在使用中，我们需要设置正确的蓝牙设备名、地址和音频设备等参数。 3. 在计算机或者手机上运行bluealsa命令，启动蓝牙音频服务。通过命令行输入"bluealsa -p a2dp-source"启动服务。此时，我们需要确保音箱已经开启，并且指向计算机或者手机。 如果以上步骤都正确执行，且蓝牙音箱能够成功连接到计算机或者手机，那么蓝牙音箱应该能够播放音乐了。我们可以通过播放一段音乐文件或者通过音乐播放软件，选择输出设备为蓝牙音箱，检验音箱是否能够发声。 需要注意的是，由于不同操作系统和设备的差异，以上步骤可能会有一些微调。但是基本的原理和流程是相似的。希望以上回答能够帮助到您。

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