图像由彩色图转化为灰度图的三种方法

一、原理
对于图像由彩色图转化为灰度图有三种方法
分别为 加权法 均值法 最大值法
1.加权法就是 Gray=0.3R+0.59G+0.11*B
2.均值法就是 Gray=(R+G+B)/3
3.最大值发就是 Gray=max（R,G,B)

二、代码

• 加权法

   Mat BGR2GRAY_Weight(Mat src)
   {
    if (src.channels()==1)
    {
     return src;
    }
    else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
    {
     
     int rows = src.rows;
     int cols = src.cols;
     Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
     int bValue, gValue, rValue;
     for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
     {
      for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
      {
       bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
       gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
       rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
       mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>(0.11*bValue + 0.59*gValue + 0.3*rValue);
      }
     }
     return mGray;
    }
    else
    {
     throw "error";
    }
   }
  

• 平均值法

   Mat BGR2GRAY_Average(Mat  src)
   {
   	if (src.channels() == 1)
   	{
   		return src;
   	}
   	else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
   	{
   	int rows = src.rows;
   	int cols = src.cols;
   	Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
   	int bValue, gValue, rValue;
   	for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
   	{
   		for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
   		{
   			bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
   			gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
   			rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
   			mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>((bValue + gValue + rValue) / 3);
   		}
   	}
   	return mGray;
   }
   else
   {
   	throw "error";
   }
   }
  

• 最大值法

   Mat BGR2GRAY_Max(Mat  src)
   {
   if (src.channels() == 1)
   {
   	return src;
   }
   else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
   {
   int rows = src.rows;
   int cols = src.cols;
   Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
   int bValue, gValue, rValue;
   int nMaxValue;
   for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
   {
   	for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
   	{
   		bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
   		gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
   		rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
   		nMaxValue = bValue;
   		if (nMaxValue < gValue)
   		{
   			nMaxValue = gValue;
   		}
   		if (nMaxValue < rValue)
   		{
   			nMaxValue = rValue;
   		}
   		mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>(nMaxValue);
   	}
   }
   return mGray;
   }
   else
   {
   	throw "error";
   }
   }
  

• 测试代码

   // function.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
   #include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
   #include "stdafx.h"
   using namespace cv;
   using namespace std;
  
   //BGR图转灰度图
   //3种方法：加权法，均值法，最大值法
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Weight(Mat src);
   //BGR图转灰度图
   //3种方法：加权法，均值法，最大值法
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Average(Mat src);
   //BGR图转灰度图
   //3种方法：加权法，均值法，最大值法
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Max(Mat src);
  
   int main()
   {
   	
   Mat mSrc = imread("./photo/photo_001.jpg", 1);
   imshow("Src", mSrc);
   waitKey(10);
   Mat mGray = BGR2GRAY_Weight(mSrc);
   imshow("Gray_weight", mGray);
  
   mGray = BGR2GRAY_Average(mSrc);
   imshow("Gray_average", mGray);
  
   mGray = BGR2GRAY_Max(mSrc);
   imshow("Gray_max", mGray);
   waitKey(10);
   cout << mGray << endl;
   system("pause");
   return 0;
   }
  
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Weight(Mat src)
   {
   	if (src.channels()==1)
   	{
   		return src;
   	}
   	else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
   	{
   		
   int rows = src.rows;
   int cols = src.cols;
   Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
   int bValue, gValue, rValue;
   for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
   {
   	for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
   	{
   		bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
   		gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
   		rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
   		mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>(0.11*bValue + 0.59*gValue + 0.3*rValue);
   	}
   }
   return mGray;
   }
   else
   {
   	throw "error";
   }
   }
  
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Average(Mat  src)
   {
   	if (src.channels() == 1)
   	{
   		return src;
   	}
   	else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
   	{
  
   int rows = src.rows;
   int cols = src.cols;
   Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
   int bValue, gValue, rValue;
   for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
   {
   	for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
   	{
   		bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
   		gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
   		rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
   		mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>((bValue + gValue + rValue) / 3);
   	}
   }
   return mGray;
   }
   else
   {
   	throw "error";
   }
   }
  
   Mat BGR2GRAY_Max(Mat  src)
   {
   	if (src.channels() == 1)
   	{
   		return src;
   	}
   	else if (src.channels() == 3 || src.channels() == 4)
   	{
  
   int rows = src.rows;
   int cols = src.cols;
   Mat mGray(rows, cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(100, 0, 0));
   int bValue, gValue, rValue;
   int nMaxValue;
   for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
   {
   	for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
   	{
   		bValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
   		gValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
   		rValue = src.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
   		nMaxValue = bValue;
   		if (nMaxValue < gValue)
   		{
   			nMaxValue = gValue;
   		}
   		if (nMaxValue < rValue)
   		{
   			nMaxValue = rValue;
   		}
   		mGray.at<uchar>(i, j) = saturate_cast<uchar>(nMaxValue);
   	}
   }
   return mGray;
   }
   else
   {
   	throw "error";
   }
   }