Multi-Programming-15 线程顺序执行

1. 问题

Q：假设有三个线程，假设为t1, t2, t3， 如何保证线程的顺序执行t1->t2->t3？
A：首先，java语言多线程机制并没有执行顺序的属性；其次，设置线程的优先级并不能确保线程的准确执行顺序。所以，这里需要采用其他方式保证执行了。
本文提供了三种解决方式：
1). ReentrantLock: 重入锁方案。
2). Condition: 类似于wait(), notify()
3). Semaphore: 利用互斥信号量解决。

2. 解决思路

2.1 ReentrantLock机制

package com.fqyuan._10sequenceExecute;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SequenceStop {
    private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private /* volatile */ static int state = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread2().start();
        new Thread3().start();
    }

    static class Thread1 extends Thread {
        /*
         * 主要有以下问题： 1）使用了int变量计数保证了线程的执行顺序；
         * 2）每次for循环之后的变量更新条件是在if语句中变化的，如果state条件没有满足则线程释放所获取的锁对象。
         * 3）因为对于state的访问是在锁获取之间进行的，可以保证是同步访问的，故而可以不使用volatile关键字。
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10;) {
                lock.lock();
                if (state % 3 == 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.print("A");

                    state++;
                    i++;
                }
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Thread2 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10;) {
                lock.lock();
                if (state % 3 == 1) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.print("B");

                    state++;
                    i++;
                }
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Thread3 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10;) {
                lock.lock();
                if (state % 3 == 2) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.print("C");

                    state++;
                    i++;
                }
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.2 Condiotn

package com.fqyuan._10sequenceExecute;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SequenceStop1 {
    private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static Condition A = lock.newCondition();
    private static Condition B = lock.newCondition();
    private static Condition C = lock.newCondition();
    private static int count = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread2().start();
        // 因为主线程和用户线程是并发执行的，如果没有thread.join()语句，则打印的结果将为0
        Thread thread3 = new Thread3();
        thread3.start();
        try {
            thread3.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(count);
    }

    static class Thread1 extends Thread {
        /*
         * 和纯粹使用ReentrantLock类似，都是用了一个int类型量决定线程的执行顺序。
         * 不过使用了Conditon之后更加灵活。注意以下问题： 1) 使用了while语句判别wait条件是为了防止spurious
         * wakeup; 2) 在调用了await之后，线程将放弃当前的lock； 3）signal将会唤醒等待在该condition的线程。
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {

            try {
                lock.lock();
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 0)
                        A.await(); // Release the lock it owns now!
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    System.out.print("A");
                    count++;
                    B.signal();
                }

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Thread2 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 1)
                        B.await();
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    System.out.print("B");
                    count++;
                    C.signal();
                }

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    static class Thread3 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    while (count % 3 != 2)
                        C.await();
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    System.out.print("C");
                    count++;
                    A.signal();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.3 使用互斥信号量

相对于使用ReentrantLock而言整体上较为简单，无须设置保证顺序的整形变量。但是在运行时需注意将非首先执行的线程信号量的availablePermits 置为0.
信号量的acquire() & release()是环形进行的，这样保证了执行的顺序！

package com.fqyuan._10sequenceExecute;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SequenceStop2 {
    private static Semaphore A = new Semaphore(1);
    private static Semaphore B = new Semaphore(1);
    private static Semaphore C = new Semaphore(1);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        B.acquire();
        C.acquire();
        new ThreadA().start();
        new ThreadB().start();
        new ThreadC().start();
    }

    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    A.acquire();
                    System.out.print("A");
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    B.release();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    B.acquire();
                    System.out.print("B");
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    C.release();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            }
        }
    }

    static class ThreadC extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    C.acquire();
                    System.out.print("C");
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                    A.release();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            }
        }
    }
}

//Running result:
ABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABCABC

3. 说明

本文内容参考自此处，可自行查看。