数据库-02

进阶七、子查询

#进阶七、子查询
/*
含义：出现在其他语句中的select语句 成为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句成为主查询或外查询
分类：
按出现的位置：
	select 后面
	from 后面
	where 后面
	having 后面
	exists 后面（相关子查询
按结果集的行列数不同：
	标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列
	列子查询（结果集一列多行
	行子查询（结果一行多列
	表子查询（结果集一般为多行多列
*/
#where或having后面
/*
#1.标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列
#2.列子查询（结果集一列多行
#3.行子查询（结果一行多列
特点：
子查询放在小括号内
子查询一般放在条件右侧
标量子查询 一般搭配着单行操作符使用
< > <> <= >=
列子查询一般搭配着多行操作符使用
in any/some all
子查询的执行在主查询之前 主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
*/
#1.标量子查询
#案例1：谁的工资比Abel高
#步骤1查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name='Abel';
#步骤2查询员工的信息 满足salary1的结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name='Abel'
);
#案例2：查询job_id与141号员工相同 salary比143号员工多的员工姓名 job_id 和工资
#步骤1查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=141;
#步骤2查询143号员工的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=143;
#步骤3查询员工姓名 job_id 和工资 job_id=1 salary>2
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=(
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id=141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id=143
);
#案例3：查询公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id,salary
#步骤1查询最少工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees;
#步骤2查询last_name,job_id,salary 要求salary=1
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);
#案例4查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
#查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50;
#查询每个部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#查询结果
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id=50
);

#2.列子查询（多行子查询
#案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门的所有员工姓名
#步骤1先查询部门编号为1400或1700的部门
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700);
#步骤2查询员工姓名要求部门编号是步骤1的某一个
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT  department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
#案例2：返回其他工种中比job_id为'IT_PROG'工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
#步骤1：查询job_id为'IT_PROG'部门任一工资
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG';
#步骤2查询员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary salary<步骤1中的任意一个
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary,employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY (
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
#案例3：返回其他工种中比job_id为'IT_PROG'工种所有工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary,employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL (
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
#3.行子查询（结果为一行多列或多行多列
#案例1：查询员工编号 最小且工资最高的员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);
#步骤1查询最小员工编号
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees;
#步骤2查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees;
#步骤3查询员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
)AND salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);


#二、select后面
/*
仅仅支持标量子查询
*/
#案例1：查询每个部门员工个数
SELECT d.*,(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
) 个数
FROM departments d;
#案例2：查询部门号为102的部门名
SELECT (
	SELECT department_name
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON e.department_id=d.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102
) 部门;

#三、from 后面
#案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#步骤1查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#步骤2连接步骤1的结果集和job_grades表 筛选条件平均工资等级
SELECT ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;

#四、exists后面（相关子查询
/*
语法：
exists(完整的查询语句)
结果：
1或0
*/
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=909090) p;
#案例1：查询员工的部门名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id=d.`department_id`
);
#案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息
#in
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.`id` NOT IN(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty
);
#exists
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty b
	WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
);