Java理解类的封装（分数四则运算）

1.两个分数四则运算的结果仍然是分数。

uml图

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Rational

numerator:int denominator:int

setNumeratorAndDenominator(int,int):void add(Rational):Rational sub(Rational):Rational muti.... diu......

类设计完成后，进行编码

public class Rational {
    int numerator = 1; //分子
    int denominator = 1; //分母
    void setNumerator(int a){
        int c=f(Math.abs(a),denominator);
        numerator=a/c;
        denominator=denominator/c;
        if(numerator<0&&denominator<0){
            numerator=-numerator;
            denominator=-denominator;
        }
    }
    void setDenominator(int b){
        int c =f(numerator,Math.abs(b));
        numerator=numerator/c;
        denominator=b/c;
        if(numerator<0&&denominator<0){
            numerator=-numerator;
            denominator=-denominator;
        }
    }
    int getNumerator(){
        return numerator;
    }
    int getDenominator(){
        return denominator;
    }
    int f(int a,int b){             //求a和b的最大公约数（辗转相除）
        if (a==0){return 1;}
        if(a<b){
            int c=a;
            a=b;
            b=c;
        }
        int r=a%b;
        while(r!=0){
            a=b;
            b=r;
            r=a%b;
        }
        return b;
    }
    Rational add(Rational r){               //返回一个Rational类型，对象创建后，可以使用点运算符调用方法。
        int a=r.getNumerator();
        int b=r.getDenominator();
        int newNumerator = numerator*b+denominator*a;
        int newDenominator =denominator*b;
        Rational result = new Rational();
        result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
        result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
        return result;
    }
    Rational sub(Rational r){
        int a=r.getNumerator();
        int b=r.getDenominator();
        int newNumerator = numerator*b-denominator*a;
        int newDenominator =denominator*b;
        Rational result = new Rational();
        result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
        result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
        return result;
    }
    Rational muti(Rational r){
        int a=r.getNumerator();
        int b=r.getDenominator();
        int newNumerator = numerator*a;
        int newDenominator =denominator*b;
        Rational result = new Rational();
        result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
        result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
        return result;
    }
    Rational div(Rational r){
        int a=r.getNumerator();
        int b=r.getDenominator();
        int newNumerator = numerator*b;
        int newDenominator =denominator*a;
        Rational result = new Rational();
        result.setNumerator(newNumerator);
        result.setDenominator(newDenominator);
        return result;
    }
}

有几个侧重点需要理解一下：

1.方法的返回类型可以是实体类。

2.体会封装的含义。（将数据和对数据的操作封装在类中，即通过对象从具体的实例中抽取出共同的性质形成类的概念，再由类创建具体的对象，然后对象调用方法产生行为以达到程序要实现的目的。）