EXPLAIN sql优化方法3 DERIVED 派生表

派生表和视图的性能

从MySQL 4.1开始，它已经支持派生表、联机视图或者基本的FROM从句的子查询。

这些特性之间彼此相关，但是它们之间的性能比较如何呢？

MySQL 5.0 中的派生表似乎和视图实现的方式不同，尽管我从合并的代码基数来看觉得在查询优化上应该是一样的。

派生表仍然以临时表的方式显式地处理，而且还是没有索引的临时表（因此最好不要像在例子中那样连接2个派生表）

需要考虑的另一方面是，派生表需要被显式处理，尽管只是执行 EXPLAIN 语句。因此如果在 FROM 字句中的 SELELCT 操作上犯了错误，例如忘记了写上连接的条件，那么 EXPLAIN 可能会一直在运行。

视图则不同，它无需被显式处理，只是把查询简单地重写了一下。只有在无法合并查询或者试图创建者请求时才需要被显式处理。

这意味着它们在性能上的差别如下：

在基本的表上执行有索引的查询，这非常快

1. 
   
2. mysql>SELECT*FROMtestWHEREi=5;
3. +---+----------------------------------+
4. | i | j<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. +---+----------------------------------+
6. |5| 0c88dedb358cd96c9069b73a<wbr>57682a45 |</wbr>
7. +---+----------------------------------+
8. 1rowINSET(0.03sec)

在派生表上做同样的查询，则如老牛拉破车

1. <wbr></wbr>
2. mysql>SELECT*FROM(SELECT*FROMtest)tWHEREi=5;
3. +---+----------------------------------+
4. | i | j<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. +---+----------------------------------+
6. |5| 0c88dedb358cd96c9069b73a<wbr>57682a45 |</wbr>
7. +---+----------------------------------+
8. 1rowINSET(1min40.86sec)

在视图上查询，又快起来了

1. mysql>CREATEVIEWvASSELECT*FROMtest;
2. Query OK,0rows affected(0.08sec)
3. <wbr></wbr>
4. mysql>SELECT*FROMv<wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>WHERE</strong></span>i=<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">5</span>;</wbr>
5. +---+----------------------------------+
6. | i | j<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. +---+----------------------------------+
8. |5| 0c88dedb358cd96c9069b73a<wbr>57682a45 |</wbr>
9. +---+----------------------------------+
10. 1rowINSET(0.10sec)

下面的2条EXPLAIN结果也许会让你很惊讶

1. <wbr></wbr>
2. mysql>EXPLAINSELECT*FROMv<wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>WHERE</strong></span>i=<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">5</span>;</wbr>
3. +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
4. | id | select_type |TABLE| type<wbr>| possible_keys |<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>KEY</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr>| key_len | ref<wbr><wbr>| rows | Extra |</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
6. |<wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>PRIMARY</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr>| test<wbr>| const |<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>PRIMARY</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>PRIMARY</strong></span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">4</span><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>| const |<wbr><wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>|<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. +----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
8. 1rowINSET(0.02sec)
9. <wbr></wbr>
10. mysql>EXPLAINSELECT*FROM(SELECT*FROMtest)tWHEREi=5;
11. +----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
12. | id | select_type |TABLE<wbr><wbr><wbr>| type | possible_keys |<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>KEY</strong></span><wbr>| key_len | ref<wbr>| rows<wbr><wbr>| Extra<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
13. +----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
14. |<wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">1</span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>PRIMARY</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr>| &lt;derived2&gt; |<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>ALL</strong></span><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">1638400</span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>USING</strong></span><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>WHERE</strong></span>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
15. |<wbr><span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">2</span>| DERIVED<wbr><wbr><wbr>| test<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>ALL</strong></span><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span><wbr><wbr>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(153,51,51)"><strong>NULL</strong></span>|<span style="word-wrap:normal; word-break:normal; color:rgb(128,0,0)">1638400</span>|<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>|</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
16. +----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
17. 2rowsINSET(54.90sec)

避免使用派生表-- 如果可能，最好采用其他方式来编写查询语句，大部分情况都比派生表来的快。很多情况下，甚至连独立的临时表都来的快，因为可以适当增加索引。

<wbr></wbr>

可以考虑使用临时试图来取代派生表如果确实需要在 FROM 子句中使用到子查询，可以考虑在查询时创建试图，当查询完之后删除试图。

<wbr></wbr>

不适合多表视图，多表时用派生表取代视图

explain<wbr>select sum(pdm.qty) pre_total,pd.pre_doc_id from prepare_doc pd<br> left join pre_doc_item pdm on pd.pre_doc_id=pdm.pre_doc_id group by pd.pre_doc_id</wbr>