【英语】6. 英语语法体系_形容词性从句包含宾补从句吗?-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tsumikistep/article/details/142739805

文章目录

句字的成分
一、句型分类
- 简单句（5 种）
- 主从复合句（3 类）
二、三类从句
二、特殊结构（基础阶段）
三、长难句的分析方法
总结
参考文献

句字的成分

主
- def: 动作的发出者
- 形式: n., v.-ing, to do, the adj., subj. clause, pron, num.
谓
- def: subj. 发出的状态
- 分类：系动词
  - be 动词
  - 感官 v.
  - 表象系动词（seem appear）
  - 保持系动词（keep stay lie remain stand）
  - 变化系动词（In Stardew autumn, leaves turn red come）
  - 终止系动词（prove）
复合谓语
- aux.v. (do does did) + v.
  - e.g. I do love you.
- modal. v. + v.
  - modal. v. :can/could may/might shall/should will/would must dare ought to need
  - e.g. We should conserve the environment
- 半助动词 + v. (?wtf)
  - e.g. He is likely to win. 谓语 = is likely to
宾语
- def:动作的直接对象
- 能做主语的成分也能做宾语
表语
- def:主语的状态或性质，一般位于系动词之后，一般由 n. pron. adj. 不定式等充当
- e.g. Allen's contribution was to take an assumption //that we all share.

修饰成分：定状补同

定
- def:修饰限定名词，一般由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语等充当
- 前置定语
  - adj.
  - v.-ing a developing country the remaining 30$
  - v.-ed some developed economies(economies≈countries) (fallen leaves)
  - pron.
- 后置定语
  - def: 以短语为主
  - adj. phrase as it(a basket full of sand This is a factor privotal to our success)
  - prep. phrase(Student in the classroom people in/on the street staff under the age of 40)
  - v.-ing phrase(a young folk wandering in the street)
  - v.-ed phrase(a meal cooked by me)
  - to do(不定式) as attribute(He got a chance to go abroad)
- attribute clause
  - v.-ing phrase(a young folk wandering in the street)
  - v.-ed phrase(Seen from the distance, he might look handsome)
  - to do(不定式) as attribute(I'm writing this letter to appreciate you for your generous help.)
  - prep. phrase(We are studying【in the classroom】.)
状语从句(adverbial modifier clause)
- If you study hard, you will succeed.
补
同位

一、句型分类

简单句（5 种）

定义：句子中只包含 一套主谓结构 的句子。（一个句子只能有一个谓语动词）
分类

主谓
- (2006, GEE) Small species survived. (不及物动词。及：跟随；物：对象。e.g. run jump swim fly)
主谓宾
- She has social phobia.
主系表
- She is a people person. = She is sociable.
- He is a dog person = He likes dog.
- Tom is a rare bird. = He is a maverick.
主谓双宾
- He gave **me** a **dog**.（口诀：人间物直）（人是间接 obj., 物是直接 obj.）
主谓宾宾补
- You make me delighted.
- They call me Tom.
- They related me a story (relate = told)
并列句（由关联词组成）（3 种）
基本结构：词组 + 并列连词 + 词组
并列连词
- and
- or
- both…and…
- either…or…
- neither…nor…
基本结构：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
并列连词：
- and
- but
- or
- while(inside sentence)
- for
- so
- neither
- nor
e.g.
- Money may not buy happiness, but people【in wealthier countries】are generally happier.

主从复合句（3 类）

def：
- 主句定义：表达句子的主要信息 - 主干（5 种简单句式）
- 从句定义：从属于主句，对主句起到修饰限定 & 解释说明的作用

二、三类从句

名词性从句（4 种）（导学stage）

主语从句（名词性从句）

宾语从句（名词性从句）

宾语后置性结构
e.g.1
- (2006, Eng)He is a person who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life **the** activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems.
- 还原：He is a person who has elected the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life.
- 他将以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题的活动，作为他生活中首要的职责和乐趣。
- elect A as B = elect as B A
e.g.2.
- He did not accept as well founded the charge made by some if his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power if reasoning
- He did not accept the charge made by some if his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power if reasoning as well founded（as well founded: 合理的）
e.g.3.
- It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronc funding gap of our national parks.
e.g.4.
- (19 II, protect env from plastic)While the conversation around our envirornnent and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the (balance of power) that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
- first that decorates balance, not power.
- (the sentence implys that, we should pay more attention to our role as citizens to urge government and industry to push some solid and systematic action (like regulations) to protect the environment.

表语从句（名词性从句）

同位语从句（名词性从句）

def: （一句话对前者的解释说明，前者一般是抽象名词）
识别：同位语从句是完整句子
处理：顺译
e.g.
- The idea //that some groups of people maybe more intelligent than others //is one of those hypotheses //that(定语从句) dare not speak its name.

形容词性从句（定语从句：2 种，限定性从句、非限定性从句）

限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句

—	—	—
关系代词	than（在有比较级的时候用）；介词 + which	—
关系副词	—	—

e.g.
- I will call my friend who is in London.（更多地用来修饰）
- I will call my father, who is in London.（对主句进行解释/增补）

副词性从句（状语从句：9种，时间地点目的，结果，方式，原因，条件，让步，比较）

二、特殊结构（基础阶段）

1. 倒装结构

e.g. In the classroom are sitting many students.

2. 否定结构

否定转移
e.g. I don't love you because you are gorgeous = I do love you **not because** you are gorgeous
爱你不是因为你的美。

3. 强调句（“正是…”）

It is the man who assisted me a lot.

4. 虚拟语气

We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers (should) clean up their cars.（主句，宾语从句，虚拟语气，“everything but + 动词原形”表示除了… 结构）（我做错了）
- The sentence implys that we paid much effort, but we can’t do anything to auto company, and we think they should chean up their cars.

5. 比较结构

I'm more a teacher than an interpreter

6. 省略结构

In England, death is pressing; in Canada inevitable; in California optional.
省略相同的主语，谓语

7. 插入语

(II)Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks(人选), another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 对比结构 + 插入语（包含宾语从句））

三、长难句的分析方法

1. 去掉插入语（双逗号，双破折号之间的内容）

2. 去掉修饰成分（定语，状语）

目的：去修饰，留主干

例子

origional:

It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader unfer the age if forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.

cutted:

It is difficult 【to the point of impossibility】【for the average reader under the age if forty】to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.