今天把之前写的使用JavaMail异步发送邮件的demo程序贴出来。
最近一段时间,发现新浪微博手机客户端也开始支持异步发送信息了。不管是发微博,还是评论微博,点击过“发送”按钮之后,马上会被告知“已经进入发送队列”,我觉得这明显增加了用户体验,并且这个提升也不存在任何技术困难。这样一种情况,比如我发一个带图的微博消息,在不使用wifi的情况下,上传一个稍大些的图片可能会耗费不少时间。假如微博客户端不支持异步发送,也许就因为图片的上传,这个客户端得卡上好半天,直到上传完成为止。这种完全阻塞的方式,对用户来说可不是种好的体验。
发送邮件的时候同样存在着类似上面的情况。整个邮件的发送过程是比较耗时的,假如使用普通的单线程串行处理方式,当并发量大时,必然带来灾难性的后果。在下面的例子中,我使用多线程的方式来解决这个问题,使得邮件支持异步发送。
要支持新浪微博的异步发送,可以使用多线程方式,也可以使用消息服务。我本身对于JMS的方式不太了解,因此选择了一种相对熟悉和容易实现的方式,即每个邮件发送请求都作为一个线程任务,由线程池中的线程来处理每一个邮件发送任务。
首先,介绍邮件的JavaBean对象Mail。很简单,无需赘言。
package org.tang.financial.domain;
import java.util.List;
public class Mail {
/**
* 发送人
*/
private String sender;
/**
* 收件人
*/
private List<String> recipientsTo;
/**
* 抄送人
*/
private List<String> recipientsCc;
/**
* 密送人
*/
private List<String> recipientsBcc;
/**
* 主题
*/
private String subject;
/**
* 正文
*/
private String body;
/**
* 附件列表
*/
private List<String> attachments;
public String getSender() {
return sender;
}
public void setSender(String sender) {
this.sender = sender;
}
public List<String> getRecipientsTo() {
return recipientsTo;
}
public void setRecipientsTo(List<String> recipientsTo) {
this.recipientsTo = recipientsTo;
}
public List<String> getRecipientsCc() {
return recipientsCc;
}
public void setRecipientsCc(List<String> recipientsCc) {
this.recipientsCc = recipientsCc;
}
public List<String> getRecipientsBcc() {
return recipientsBcc;
}
public void setRecipientsBcc(List<String> recipientsBcc) {
this.recipientsBcc = recipientsBcc;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getBody() {
return body;
}
public void setBody(String body) {
this.body = body;
}
public List<String> getAttachments() {
return attachments;
}
public void setAttachments(List<String> attachments) {
this.attachments = attachments;
}
}
其次,是邮件发送程序当中需要用到的常量。各个常量的含义都已经有说明,也无需赘言。
package org.tang.financial.mail;
public abstract class MailProperties {
/**
* SMTP服务器
*/
public static final String MAIL_SMTP_HOST = "mail.smtp.host";
/**
* SMTP服务器端口号
*/
public static final String MAIL_SMTP_PORT = "mail.smtp.port";
/**
* 登录SMTP服务器是否需要通过授权。可选值为true和false
*/
public static final String MAIL_SMTP_AUTH = "mail.smtp.auth";
/**
* 登录SMTP服务器默认邮箱账号
*/
public static final String MAIL_SMTP_USER = "mail.smtp.user";
/**
* 登录SMTP服务器默认邮箱账号对应密码
*/
public static final String MAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD = "mail.smtp.password";
/**
* 是否打开程序调试。可选值包括true和false
*/
public static final String MAIL_DEBUG = "mail.debug";
}
接着,是邮件发送程序需要使用到得properties属性配置文件。各个键值的含义参考上面的说明。
mail.smtp.host = smtp.example.com
mail.smtp.port = 25
mail.smtp.auth = true
mail.smtp.user = username@example.com
mail.smtp.password = password
mail.debug = true
最后,邮件发送的处理程序。
package org.tang.financial.service;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.tang.financial.domain.Mail;
import org.tang.financial.mail.MailProperties;
import org.tang.financial.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.tang.financial.util.StringUtils;
@Component
public class MailService {
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MailService.class);
private static final String MAIL_PROPERTIE_NAME = "JavaMail.properties";
private static Properties mailPro = new Properties();
private static Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
static {
//初始化,读取属性文件的过程
InputStream in = null;
try {
in = MailService.class.getResourceAsStream(MAIL_PROPERTIE_NAME);
mailPro.load(in);
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error(e);
}
} finally {
if (in != null) {
try {
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error(e);
}
}
}
}
}
public boolean sendMail(final Mail mail) {
if(mail == null){
return false;
}
//创建邮件发送任务
Runnable task = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
final String username = mailPro.getProperty(MailProperties.MAIL_SMTP_USER);
final String password = mailPro.getProperty(MailProperties.MAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD);
//创建发送邮件的会话
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(mailPro, new Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
}
});
try {
//创建邮件消息
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
//设置邮件发送人
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(StringUtils.isEmpty(mail
.getSender()) ? mailPro
.getProperty(MailProperties.MAIL_SMTP_USER) : mail
.getSender()));
//分别设置邮件的收件人、抄送人和密送人
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, strListToInternetAddresses(mail.getRecipientsTo()));
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, strListToInternetAddresses(mail.getRecipientsCc()));
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, strListToInternetAddresses(mail.getRecipientsBcc()));
//设置邮件主题
msg.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
//创建邮件主体内容
MimeBodyPart mbp1 = new MimeBodyPart();
mbp1.setText(mail.getBody());
mp.addBodyPart(mbp1);
if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mail.getAttachments())){
//循环添加邮件附件
MimeBodyPart attach = null;
for(String path : mail.getAttachments()){
attach = new MimeBodyPart();
try {
attach.attachFile(path);
mp.addBodyPart(attach);
} catch (IOException e) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error(e);
}
}
}
}
msg.setContent(mp);
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
//邮件开始发送
Transport.send(msg);
} catch (AddressException e) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error(e);
}
} catch (MessagingException e) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error(e);
}
}
}
};
//使用Executor框架的线程池执行邮件发送任务
executor.execute(task);
return true;
}
/**
* 将列表中的字符串转换成InternetAddress对象
* @param list 邮件字符串地址列表
* @return InternetAddress对象数组
*/
private InternetAddress[] strListToInternetAddresses(List<String> list) {
if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
int size = list.size();
InternetAddress[] arr = new InternetAddress[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
try {
arr[i] = new InternetAddress(list.get(i));
} catch (AddressException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return arr;
}
}