创建集合(括号中只能有一个参数):
>>> s = set('set')
>>> s
{'s', 't', 'e'}
>>> s = set(['set'])
>>> s
{'set'}
增加一个元素:
>>> s
{'set'}
>>> s.add('python')
>>> s
{'set', 'python'}
增加多个元素(求并集):
>>> s
{'set', 'python'}
>>> s.update('py')
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'set', 'python'}
>>> s.update(['py','st'])
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'st', 'python', 'set'}
删除一个元素:
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'st', 'python', 'set'}
>>> s.remove('st')
>>> s
{'y', 'p', 'py', 'python', 'set'}
求交集:
>>> a = set([1,2,3])
>>> b = set([2,3,4])
>>> a & b
{2, 3}
求并集:
>>> a | b
{1, 2, 3, 4}
求差集:
>>> a - b
{1}
>>> b - a
{4}
集合是无序的,也不能对其进行索引或切片:
>>> a[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
a[0]
TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing
>>> a[:]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#43>", line 1, in <module>
a[:]
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
判断一个集合是否是另一个子集:
>>> a
{1, 2, 3}
>>> b
{1, 2}
>>> b.issubset(a)
True
或
>>> b <= a
True