话不多说,直接利用 Openssl 在两台 uBuntu 之间建立双向认证的 SSL/TLS 通信。
笔者使用的 Openssl 版本为 OpenSSL 1.1.1 11 Sep 2018
生成证书
执行以下脚本,会自动生成 CA 证书及利用这个 CA 证书颁发给 Server 和 Client 的证书
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# * Neither the name of the axTLS project nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
# from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
# TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
# OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
#
# Generate the certificates and keys for testing.
#
PROJECT_NAME="TLS Project"
# Generate the openssl configuration files.
cat > ca_cert.conf << EOF
[ req ]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
prompt = no
[ req_distinguished_name ]
O = $PROJECT_NAME Dodgy Certificate Authority
EOF
cat > server_cert.conf << EOF
[ req ]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
prompt = no
[ req_distinguished_name ]
O = $PROJECT_NAME
CN = 192.168.1.101
EOF
cat > client_cert.conf << EOF
[ req ]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
prompt = no
[ req_distinguished_name ]
O = $PROJECT_NAME Device Certificate
CN = 192.168.1.33
EOF
mkdir ca
mkdir server
mkdir client
mkdir certDER
# private key generation
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl genrsa -out client.key 2048
# cert requests
openssl req -out ca.req -key ca.key -new \
-config ./ca_cert.conf
openssl req -out server.req -key server.key -new \
-config ./server_cert.conf
openssl req -out client.req -key client.key -new \
-config ./client_cert.conf
# generate the actual certs.
openssl x509 -req -in ca.req -out ca.crt \
-sha256 -days 5000 -signkey ca.key
openssl x509 -req -in server.req -out server.crt \
-sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 \
-CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
openssl x509 -req -in client.req -out client.crt \
-sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 \
-CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -outform DER -out ca.der
openssl x509 -in server.crt -outform DER -out server.der
openssl x509 -in client.crt -outform DER -out client.der
mv ca.crt ca.key ca/
mv server.crt server.key server/
mv client.crt client.key client/
mv ca.der server.der client.der certDER/
rm *.conf
rm *.req
rm *.srl
该脚本需要注意以下几点:
- 加密位数为 2048 bits
- 签名算法为 sha256WithRSAEncryption
- Server 的 CN 域和 Client 的 CN 域需要根据实际 IP 地址修改
脚本执行完后会自动生成以下 4 个目录:
- ca
- certDER
- client
- server
Note:
虽然我的脚本代码也是借鉴的大神的,但在 Client 去连接 Server 的时候一直会报如下错误:
error setting certificate
139829188207936:error:140AB18E:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_certificate:ca md too weak:../ssl/ssl_rsa.c:310:
经过定位才发现,原来是之前脚本是采用的签名算法为 sha1WithRSAEncryption,该算法较弱的缘故。所以在自己的脚本中将签名算法由之前的 -sha1
修该为 -sha256
。
建立 TLS/SSL Server
在一台 uBuntu 上执行以下命令建立 TLS/SSL Server
openssl s_server -CAfile ./ca/ca.crt -cert ./server/server.crt -key ./server/server.key -port 20001 -verify 1 -tls1_2
各个参数意义如下:
- -CAfile:CA 证书目录
- -cert:Server 证书目录,由 CA 证书颁发
- -key:Server 私钥目录
- -port:服务端口
- -verify:校验 Client 端提供的证书链的深度。当指定了该选项时,Server 端必须对 Clent 的证书进行校验,换句话说就是 Client 必须提供证书,在换句话说就是双向认证。
- -tls1_2:指定使用 TLS v1.2 版本。
更多参数的意义请参考官网文档
命令执行成功后 Server 即开始侦听指定端口
建立 TLS/SSL Client
在另一台 uBuntu 上执行以下命令建立 TLS/SSL Client
openssl s_client -CAfile ./ca/ca.crt -cert ./client/client.crt -key ./client/client.key -connect 192.168.1.101:20001 -verify 1
各个参数意义如下:
- -CAfile:CA 证书目录
- -cert:Client 证书目录,由 CA 证书颁发
- -key:Client 私钥目录
- -connect:连接的 Server 的 IP 地址和端口
- -verify:校验 Server 端提供的证书链的深度。当指定了该选项时,Client 端必须对 Server 的证书进行校验,换句话说就是 Server 必须提供证书,在换句话说就是双向认证。
更多参数的意义请参考官网文档
命令执行成功后 Client 就可以输入数据,同时 Server 端也能接收到数据。由于建立 TSL/SSL 连接的过程中的信息太多,这里就不说明。
TSL/SSL 抓包
通过抓包分析:
- NO 14491 包为 Server 将自己的证书发送给 Client
- NO 15447 包为 Client 将自己的证书发送给 Server