备忘录模式实战运用（对象快照与恢复）

目录

前言

UML

plantuml

类图

实战代码

模板

Originator

Memento

CareTaker

Client

---

前言

使用备忘录模式，主要目的就是创建对象副本，保存对象内部状态的的快照，以便在需要时恢复对象至某一个历史状态。

仅仅从创建副本来看，备忘录模式和原型模式其实没啥区别，不过备忘录模式是行为型设计模式，重点在于恢复对象到某一历史状态。

备忘录模式下，总共有三个角色，原始对象 Originator，对象快照 Memento，以及管理它们的 CareTaker

UML

plantuml

@startuml
'https://plantuml.com/class-diagram

class Originator {
    - attr : type
    + createMemento() : Memento
    + restore(Memento) : void
}

class Memento {
    - attr : type
}

class CareTaker {
    - originator : Originator
    - mementos : List<Memento>
    + createMemento() : void
    + restore(int) : void
}

class Client {}

Originator ..> Memento
CareTaker "1" --> "1" Originator
CareTaker "1" --> "n" Memento

Client -->  CareTaker
Client -->  Originator

@enduml

类图

实战代码

模板

Originator

class Originator {
    String state;

    Originator(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public Memento createMemento() {
        Memento memento = new Memento();
        memento.setState(this.state);
        return memento;
    }

    public void restore(Memento memento) {
        this.state = memento.getState();
    }
}

Memento

public class Memento {
    private String state;

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
}

CareTaker

class CareTaker {
    Originator originator;
    List<Memento> mementos;

    CareTaker(Originator originator) {
        this.originator = originator;
        mementos = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public void createMemento() {
        Memento memento = this.originator.createMemento();
        mementos.add(memento);
    }

    public void restore(int index) {
        this.originator.restore(mementos.get(index));
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Originator originator = new Originator("init");
        CareTaker careTaker = new CareTaker(originator);

        System.out.println(originator.getState());

        careTaker.createMemento();

        originator.setState("run");

        careTaker.createMemento();

        System.out.println(originator.getState());

        careTaker.restore(0);

        System.out.println(originator.getState());
    }
}