解析reg52.h

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已于 2023-04-28 17:48:44 修改

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分类专栏：嵌入式技术文章标签： 51单片机

于 2023-04-28 17:18:42 首次发布

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reg52.h是51单片机编程中重要的头文件，定义了寄存器和位寻址符。sfr用于声明寄存器，如P0-3,PSW等，而sbit则用于位操作，方便对寄存器的特定位进行控制，如PSW的CY、AC等标志位。文章详细介绍了这些概念及其在80C52中的扩展。

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在51单片机编程中永远绕不过去的一个东西就是reg52.h头文件，这个头文件直接赋予了编程人员控制51单片机的寄存器的能力因此深入了解reg52.h还是很有必要的。

先看一下reg52.h的全貌（直接从vscode中查看）

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
REG52.H

Header file for generic 80C52 and 80C32 microcontroller.
Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __REG52_H__
#define __REG52_H__

/*  BYTE Registers  */
sfr P0    = 0x80;
sfr P1    = 0x90;
sfr P2    = 0xA0;
sfr P3    = 0xB0;
sfr PSW   = 0xD0;
sfr ACC   = 0xE0;
sfr B     = 0xF0;
sfr SP    = 0x81;
sfr DPL   = 0x82;
sfr DPH   = 0x83;
sfr PCON  = 0x87;
sfr TCON  = 0x88;
sfr TMOD  = 0x89;
sfr TL0   = 0x8A;
sfr TL1   = 0x8B;
sfr TH0   = 0x8C;
sfr TH1   = 0x8D;
sfr IE    = 0xA8;
sfr IP    = 0xB8;
sfr SCON  = 0x98;
sfr SBUF  = 0x99;

/*  8052 Extensions  */
sfr T2CON  = 0xC8;
sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;
sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;
sfr TL2    = 0xCC;
sfr TH2    = 0xCD;


/*  BIT Registers  */
/*  PSW  */
sbit CY    = PSW^7;
sbit AC    = PSW^6;
sbit F0    = PSW^5;
sbit RS1   = PSW^4;
sbit RS0   = PSW^3;
sbit OV    = PSW^2;
sbit P     = PSW^0; //8052 only

/*  TCON  */
sbit TF1   = TCON^7;
sbit TR1   = TCON^6;
sbit TF0   = TCON^5;
sbit TR0   = TCON^4;
sbit IE1   = TCON^3;
sbit IT1   = TCON^2;
sbit IE0   = TCON^1;
sbit IT0   = TCON^0;

/*  IE  */
sbit EA    = IE^7;
sbit ET2   = IE^5; //8052 only
sbit ES    = IE^4;
sbit ET1   = IE^3;
sbit EX1   = IE^2;
sbit ET0   = IE^1;
sbit EX0   = IE^0;

/*  IP  */
sbit PT2   = IP^5;
sbit PS    = IP^4;
sbit PT1   = IP^3;
sbit PX1   = IP^2;
sbit PT0   = IP^1;
sbit PX0   = IP^0;

/*  P3  */
sbit RD    = P3^7;
sbit WR    = P3^6;
sbit T1    = P3^5;
sbit T0    = P3^4;
sbit INT1  = P3^3;
sbit INT0  = P3^2;
sbit TXD   = P3^1;
sbit RXD   = P3^0;

/*  SCON  */
sbit SM0   = SCON^7;
sbit SM1   = SCON^6;
sbit SM2   = SCON^5;
sbit REN   = SCON^4;
sbit TB8   = SCON^3;
sbit RB8   = SCON^2;
sbit TI    = SCON^1;
sbit RI    = SCON^0;

/*  P1  */
sbit T2EX  = P1^1; // 8052 only
sbit T2    = P1^0; // 8052 only
             
/*  T2CON  */
sbit TF2    = T2CON^7;
sbit EXF2   = T2CON^6;
sbit RCLK   = T2CON^5;
sbit TCLK   = T2CON^4;
sbit EXEN2  = T2CON^3;
sbit TR2    = T2CON^2;
sbit C_T2   = T2CON^1;
sbit CP_RL2 = T2CON^0;

#endif

分段研究

寄存器的声明

先来看一下前21/26行代码，sfr是keil中自定义的一个标识符，用于标识一个寄存器，以第一行中的

sfr P0 = 0x80;为例子

声明一个寄存器的名称为P0，寄存器的起始位置位于0x80

前21行为80C51和80C52公有寄存器，后五行为80C52独有寄存器。

在寻址过程中，使用的方式为按字节寻址的方法，来看一下c51中寄存器在内存中的分布情况

/*  BYTE Registers  */
sfr P0    = 0x80;
sfr P1    = 0x90;
sfr P2    = 0xA0;
sfr P3    = 0xB0;
sfr PSW   = 0xD0;
sfr ACC   = 0xE0;
sfr B     = 0xF0;
sfr SP    = 0x81;
sfr DPL   = 0x82;
sfr DPH   = 0x83;
sfr PCON  = 0x87;
sfr TCON  = 0x88;
sfr TMOD  = 0x89;
sfr TL0   = 0x8A;
sfr TL1   = 0x8B;
sfr TH0   = 0x8C;
sfr TH1   = 0x8D;
sfr IE    = 0xA8;
sfr IP    = 0xB8;
sfr SCON  = 0x98;
sfr SBUF  = 0x99;

/*  8052 Extensions  */
sfr T2CON  = 0xC8;
sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;
sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;
sfr TL2    = 0xCC;
sfr TH2    = 0xCD;

位寻址符

在reg52.h中有另一类变量，使用C52专属的标识符sbit定义，定义的变量被称为位寻址符。

要理解下述中的含义核心在于对sbit的理解，由于在单片机中经常要对寄存器的某一位进行操作（寄存器储数值的一位通常会对应一个针脚输出的电平），sbit的作用就是将一个变量与寄存器中的一个位绑定，使得能直接很方便的操作其中一个位，而不需要做复杂的异或运算。

/*  BIT Registers  */
/*  PSW  */
sbit CY    = PSW^7;
sbit AC    = PSW^6;
sbit F0    = PSW^5;
sbit RS1   = PSW^4;
sbit RS0   = PSW^3;
sbit OV    = PSW^2;
sbit P     = PSW^0; //8052 only

/*  TCON  */
sbit TF1   = TCON^7;
sbit TR1   = TCON^6;
sbit TF0   = TCON^5;
sbit TR0   = TCON^4;
sbit IE1   = TCON^3;
sbit IT1   = TCON^2;
sbit IE0   = TCON^1;
sbit IT0   = TCON^0;

/*  IE  */
sbit EA    = IE^7;
sbit ET2   = IE^5; //8052 only
sbit ES    = IE^4;
sbit ET1   = IE^3;
sbit EX1   = IE^2;
sbit ET0   = IE^1;
sbit EX0   = IE^0;

/*  IP  */
sbit PT2   = IP^5;
sbit PS    = IP^4;
sbit PT1   = IP^3;
sbit PX1   = IP^2;
sbit PT0   = IP^1;
sbit PX0   = IP^0;

/*  P3  */
sbit RD    = P3^7;
sbit WR    = P3^6;
sbit T1    = P3^5;
sbit T0    = P3^4;
sbit INT1  = P3^3;
sbit INT0  = P3^2;
sbit TXD   = P3^1;
sbit RXD   = P3^0;

/*  SCON  */
sbit SM0   = SCON^7;
sbit SM1   = SCON^6;
sbit SM2   = SCON^5;
sbit REN   = SCON^4;
sbit TB8   = SCON^3;
sbit RB8   = SCON^2;
sbit TI    = SCON^1;
sbit RI    = SCON^0;

/*  P1  */
sbit T2EX  = P1^1; // 8052 only
sbit T2    = P1^0; // 8052 only
             
/*  T2CON  */
sbit TF2    = T2CON^7;
sbit EXF2   = T2CON^6;
sbit RCLK   = T2CON^5;
sbit TCLK   = T2CON^4;
sbit EXEN2  = T2CON^3;
sbit TR2    = T2CON^2;
sbit C_T2   = T2CON^1;
sbit CP_RL2 = T2CON^0;