Centos10 Stream 基础配置

NetworkManger

安装  

dnf install NetworkManager

查看网络配置 

nmcli   

[root@Centos-S-10 /]# nmcli
ens33：已连接 到 ens33
        "Intel 82545EM"
        ethernet (e1000), 00:0C:29:08:3E:71, 硬件, mtu 1500
        ip4 默认
        inet4 192.168.31.70/24
        route4 default via 192.168.31.1 metric 100
        route4 192.168.31.0/24 metric 100
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe08:3e71/64
        route6 fe80::/64 metric 1024

lo：连接（外部） 到 lo
        "lo"
        loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, 软件, mtu 65536
        inet4 127.0.0.1/8
        inet6 ::1/128

DNS configuration:
        servers: 192.168.31.1
        interface: ens33

nmcli device show

[root@Centos-S-10 /]# nmcli device show
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         ens33
GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:0C:29:08:3E:71
GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
GENERAL.STATE:                          100（已连接）
GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     ens33
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               开
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         192.168.31.70/24
IP4.GATEWAY:                            192.168.31.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 192.168.31.1, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 192.168.31.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.DNS[1]:                             192.168.31.1
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::20c:29ff:fe08:3e71/64
IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 1024

GENERAL.DEVICE:                         lo
GENERAL.TYPE:                           loopback
GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:00:00:00:00:00
GENERAL.MTU:                            65536
GENERAL.STATE:                          100（连接（外部））
GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     lo
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         127.0.0.1/8
IP4.GATEWAY:                            --
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         ::1/128
IP6.GATEWAY:                            --

修改网络配置

下面有很多可以修改的选项

[root@Centos-S-10 /]# nmcli connection modify ens33
ip4                                ipv4.dns-options                   ipv6.addresses                     ipv6.ip6-privacy
ip6                                ipv4.dns-priority                  ipv6.addr-gen-mode                 ipv6.may-fail
ipv4.addresses                     ipv4.dns-search                    ipv6.auto-route-ext-gw             ipv6.method
ipv4.auto-route-ext-gw             ipv4.gateway                       ipv6.dhcp-duid                     ipv6.mtu
ipv4.dad-timeout                   ipv4.ignore-auto-dns               ipv6.dhcp-hostname                 ipv6.never-default
ipv4.dhcp-client-id                ipv4.ignore-auto-routes            ipv6.dhcp-hostname-flags           ipv6.ra-timeout
ipv4.dhcp-dscp                     ipv4.link-local                    ipv6.dhcp-iaid                     ipv6.replace-local-rule
ipv4.dhcp-fqdn                     ipv4.may-fail                      ipv6.dhcp-pd-hint                  ipv6.required-timeout
ipv4.dhcp-hostname                 ipv4.method                        ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname            ipv6.routed-dns
ipv4.dhcp-hostname-flags           ipv4.never-default                 ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname-v2         ipv6.route-metric
ipv4.dhcp-iaid                     ipv4.replace-local-rule            ipv6.dhcp-send-release             ipv6.routes
ipv4.dhcp-ipv6-only-preferred      ipv4.required-timeout              ipv6.dhcp-timeout                  ipv6.route-table
ipv4.dhcp-reject-servers           ipv4.routed-dns                    ipv6.dns                           ipv6.routing-rules
ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname            ipv4.route-metric                  ipv6.dns-options                   ipv6.temp-preferred-lifetime
ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname-v2         ipv4.routes                        ipv6.dns-priority                  ipv6.temp-valid-lifetime
ipv4.dhcp-send-release             ipv4.route-table                   ipv6.dns-search                    ipv6.token
ipv4.dhcp-timeout                  ipv4.routing-rules                 ipv6.gateway
ipv4.dhcp-vendor-class-identifier  ipv4.shared-dhcp-lease-time        ipv6.ignore-auto-dns
ipv4.dns                           ipv4.shared-dhcp-range             ipv6.ignore-auto-routes

常用的选项 

#ip
nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 1.1.1.1/24
#gateway
nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.gateway 1.1.1.1
#dns
nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.dns 1.1.1.1
#ip获取方式
nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.method [下面的选项]
auto        disabled    link-local  manual      shared

 生效配置

nmcli connection reload
nmcli connection up 接口名

#开机自动连接
nmcli connection modify 接口名 connection.autoconnect yes

启动接口或关闭接口 

#开启
nmcli connection up ens33
#关闭
nmcli connection down ens33

文件方式查看信息

cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens33.nmconnection
[connection]
id=ens33
uuid=1be8b6ff-e9bd-3cf3-8209-f18a11aea9f4
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens33
timestamp=1738864787

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.31.70/24
dns=192.168.31.1;
gateway=192.168.31.1
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=eui64
method=auto

[proxy]

存放dns的文件

cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.31.1

iftop 网络流量实时查看

使用方法比较简单，直接看步骤

# Centos源里没有，装个epel源
[root@Centos-S-10 /]# yum install epel-release.noarch

[root@Centos-S-10 /]# yum clean all && yum makecache

#启动，进去后按h有帮助
[root@Centos-S-10 /]# iftop

环境变量

查看环境变量

echo $PATH
/root/.local/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/tmp/test

环境变量是告诉系统，当用户调用命令（程序）时去哪里找，这其中就分两种：

1. 用户环境变量，只针对当前登录的用户，文件地址 ~/.bash_profile
2. 全局环境变量，所有用户登录时有效，文件地址 /etc/profile

临时修改变量的方法

#这条命令即时生效
export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/test
修改变量命令 PATH=$PATH:新的路径

只要把这条命令写到对应的文件末尾（上面两个文件地址），就能长期修改环境变量，然后通过source命令使对应的文件生效。

source /etc/profile

SSH

#安装
dnf install openssh-server
#配置文件位置
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
#几个常用的修改项
PermitRootLogin yes
Port 22
#启动ssh
systemctl start sshd
#开机启动ssh
systemctl enable sshd
#重启ssh
systemctl restart sshd

还有一个ssh_congfig文件，这个是ssh客户端的配置文件 

Hostname

#修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Centos-S-10
#查看主机名
hostnamectl hostname
Centos-S-10