unix/linux文件操作函数杂谈

此文探讨文件操作函数的简单应用，涉及主要函数：open，write,read，lseek，close，等

demo1:

        linux操作系统简单读写交互

                1.linux界面输入hello

                2.linux界面打印出hello

                 要求：使用read,write函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void result()
{
        int fd_read;
        int fd_write;
        char buf[20];
        fd_read = read(0,buf,strlen(buf));
        if(fd_read == -1)
        {
                printf("read fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        fd_write = write(1,buf,strlen(buf));
        if(fd_write == -1)
        {
                printf("write fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
}
int main()
{
        result();
        return 0;
}

linux操作系统中，0对应输入，1对应输出 

demo2:

        创建文件写入其他类型：

                1.创建文件

                2.写入int类型（或结构体类型）

                3.读取输入类型值

        int类型示例：        

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void result()
{
        umask(0);
        int fd;
        int write_buf = 10;
        int fd_write;
        int fd_read;
        int fd_lseek;
        int read_buf;
        int fd_close;
        fd = open("/root/pro/file",O_CREAT|O_RDWR,0777);
        if(fd == -1)
        {
                printf("create file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        fd_write = write(fd,&write_buf,sizeof(write_buf));
        if(fd_write == -1)
        {
                printf("write file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        fd_lseek = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
        if(fd_lseek == -1)
        {
                printf("lseek fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);

        }
        fd_read = read(fd,&read_buf,sizeof(write_buf));
        if(fd_read == -1)
        {
                printf("read file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("read context : %d\n",read_buf);
        fd_close = close(fd);
        if(fd_close == -1)
        {
                printf("close file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
}
int main()
{
        result();
        return 0;
}

         结构体类型示例：

                要求：外部传参，参数为结构体数据

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct person
{
        char name[20];
        int num;
};
void result(char name[],int num)
{
        umask(0);
        int fd;
        struct person write_buf;
        strcpy(write_buf.name,name);
        write_buf.num = num;
        int fd_write;
        int fd_read;
        int fd_lseek;
        struct person read_buf;
        int fd_close;
        fd = open("/root/pro/file",O_CREAT|O_RDWR,0777);
        if(fd == -1)
        {
                printf("create file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        fd_write = write(fd,&write_buf,sizeof(struct person));
        if(fd_write == -1)
        {
                printf("write file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        fd_lseek = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
        if(fd_lseek == -1)
        {
                printf("lseek fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);

        }
        fd_read = read(fd,&read_buf,sizeof(struct person));
        if(fd_read == -1)
        {
                printf("read file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("read context : name : %s   num : %d\n",read_buf.name,read_buf.num);
        fd_close = close(fd);
        if(fd_close == -1)
        {
                printf("close file fail\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
        printf("example : ./program  name   numder\n");
        if(argc != 3)
        {
                printf("param is error\n");
                exit(-1);
        }
        result(argv[1],atoi(argv[2]));
        return 0;
}

结果示例：

 mian函数传递的参数均为字符串类型，如需要其他类型参数，需对数据类型做转换

demo2:

        简单的linux命令cp:

                1.创建文件file

                2.file中写入hello word 

                3.创建文件bak

                4.读取file内容，写入到bak中

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void result(char file[],char bak[])
{
        int fd_file;
        int file_size;
        char *file_rbuf;
        int fd_bak;
        fd_file = open(file,O_RDWR);
        file_size = lseek(fd_file,0,SEEK_END);
        lseek(fd_file,0,SEEK_SET);
        file_rbuf = (char *)malloc(file_size);
        read(fd_file,file_rbuf,file_size);
        fd_bak = open(bak,O_CREAT|O_RDWR,0777);
        write(fd_bak,file_rbuf,file_size);
        close(fd_file);
        close(fd_bak);
}

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
        if(argc != 3)
        {
                printf("param is error\n");
                perror("why");
                exit(-1);
        }
        result(argv[1],argv[2]);
        return 0;
}

结构示例：

 demo3：

        config文件修改：

                1.创建config文件

                2.写入一下内容：

                        num  :   1

                        name :   kaxi

                        socer  :   59         

                3.修改59位99

strstr：字符串查

char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);

haystack：被查找字符串

needle：查找字符串

返回值

        成功执行返回第一次出现字符串的位置，错误返回NULL

结构示例：

       

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void result(char file[],char *data)
{
                int fd;
                int file_size;
                char *fd_buf;
                fd = open(file,O_RDWR);
                file_size = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END);
                lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
                fd_buf = (char *)malloc(file_size);
                read(fd,fd_buf,file_size);
                char *p = strstr(fd_buf,"socer   :    ");
                if(p == NULL)
                {
                        printf("not found\n");
                        exit(-1);
                }
                else
                {
                        p = p + strlen("socer   :    ");
                        *p = *data;
                }
                lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
                write(fd,fd_buf,strlen(fd_buf));
                close(fd);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
        if(argc != 3)
        {
                printf("param is error\n");
                exit(-1);
        }
        result(argv[1],argv[2]);
        return 0;
}