Python初学

version：2.7

字符串strip方法：切记是去除头尾的那个字符，如果那个字符不在头尾，print后也没有变化

In [89]: a_str = "  000 abc   000"

In [90]: a_str.strip();

In [91]: a_str
Out[91]: '  000 abc   000'

In [92]: a_str="  00  abc 000   "

In [93]: print a_str.strip()
00  abc 000

In [94]: print a_str.strip("0")
  00  abc 000   

In [95]: a_str
Out[95]: '  00  abc 000   '

In [96]: b_str="000   abc  000"

In [97]: print b_str.strip('0');
   abc  

In [98]: b_str
Out[98]: '000   abc  000'

In [99]: ##原来的字符串a_str,b_str并没有发生改变

输出八进制、十六进制：

In [119]: print "%o" % 8
10

In [120]: print "%o" % 16
20

In [121]: print "%o" % 9
11

In [122]: print "%x" % 9
9

In [123]: print "%x" % 21
15

In [124]: print "%X" % 33
21

In [125]: print "%X" % 14
E

字符串find、title方法：

In [126]: c_str
Out[126]: 'abc'

In [127]: c_str.capitalize()
Out[127]: 'Abc'
In [128]: c_str.find('c')
Out[128]: 2

In [129]: c_str.find('a')
Out[129]: 0

In [130]: d_str="nice to meet you."

In [131]: d_str.title();

In [132]: print d_str.title();
Nice To Meet You.

In [133]: d_str
Out[133]: 'nice to meet you.'

In [134]: d_str.istitle
Out[134]: <function istitle>

In [135]: d_str.istitle()
Out[135]: False

正则表达式,sub方法：

In [136]: import re

In [138]: e_str="%ed!fhfj#gjg@ghjh is good"

In [139]: print re.sub('[%!#@]','TOM',e_str);
TOMedTOMfhfjTOMgjgTOMghjh is good

map:

In [141]: def square(x):
     ...:     return x*x
     ...: 

In [142]: print square(3);
9

In [143]: map(square,[1,2,3,4,5])
Out[143]: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

以上参考自：http://www.runoob.com/python/python-strings.html

函数局部变量：

def fun3():
    a=[]
    for i in range(5):
        a.append(i)
        
print fun3()
None
#######
def fun3():
    a=[]
    for i in range(5):
        a.append(i)
    return a

print fun3()
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

函数全局变量：

a_fun3 = []

def fun3():
    for i in range(5):
        a_fun3.append(i)
    return a_fun3


print fun3()
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

a_fun3
Out[82]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

函数默认值，位置参数，关键字参数

def fun1(x,y,z=1.5):
    if z>1:
        return x+y+z
    else:
        return x+y-z
    

fun1(1,2,3)
Out[66]: 6

fun1(1,2)
Out[67]: 4.5

fun1(1,2,0.5)
Out[68]: 2.5