OpenGL小探4——光照和键盘控制

光照和键盘控制

OpenGL——纹理过滤函数glTexParameteri()

图象从纹理图象空间映射到帧缓冲图象空间(映射需要重新构造纹理图像,这样就会造成应用到多边形上的图像失真),这时就可用glTexParmeteri()函数来确定如何把纹理象素映射成像素.

　　部分参数功能说明如下:

　　glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);

　　GL_TEXTURE_2D: 操作2D纹理.

　　GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S: S方向上的贴图模式.

　　GL_CLAMP: 将纹理坐标限制在0.0,1.0的范围之内.如果超出了会如何呢.不会错误,只是会边缘拉伸填充.

　　glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);

　　这里同上,只是它是T方向

　　glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

　　这是纹理过滤

　　GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER: 放大过滤

　　GL_LINEAR: 线性过滤, 使用距离当前渲染像素中心最近的4个纹素加权平均值.

　　glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);

　　GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER: 缩小过滤

　　GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST: 使用GL_NEAREST对最接近当前多边形的解析度的两个层级贴图进行采样,然后用这两个值进行线性插值.

BOOL light;  //光源开关

BOOL lp;  //L键是否按下

BOOL fp;  //F键是否按下

GLfloat xrot;   //绕x旋转角度步长

GLfloat yrot;   //绕y旋转步长

GLfloat xspeed;   //绕x旋转速度

GLfloat yspeed;   //绕y旋转速度

GLfloat z = -5.0f;  //深入屏幕的距离

//设置用来创建光源的数组，使用两种光：环境光、点光；若无环境光，漫射光未照到的地方会十分暗

GLfloat lightAmbient[] = [0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,1.0f]; //半亮的环境光

GLfloat lightDiffuse[] = [1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f]; //漫射光参数

GLfloat lightPosition[] = {0.0f,0.0f,2.0f,1.0f};  //光源位置

//最后一个参数告诉OpenGL这里指定的坐标就是光源的位置

GLuint filter; //滤波类型

GLuint texture[3]; //存储3种纹理

int LoadGLTextures(){  //载入位图并转换成纹理

    int Status = FALSE;  //状态指示器

    AUX_RGBImageRec* TextureImage[1]; //存储纹理

    memset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void*)*1);

    //载入位图，

    if(TextureImage[0] = LoadBMP("Data/Create.bmp")){

        Status = TRUE; //载入成功

        glGenTextures(3,&Texture[0]); //创建纹理,分配一个纹理对象的编号

        //创建Nearest滤波贴图

        glBindTexture(GL_TETURE_2D,texture[0]); //绑定2D纹理,存储到texture[0]

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);//图象从纹理图象空间映射到帧缓冲图象空间

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);

        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,3,TextureImage[0]->sizeX,TextureImage[0]->sizeY,

                0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,TextureImage[0]->data); //把一幅图像载入为2D纹理

        //创建线性滤波纹理

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[1]);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);

        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,3,TextureImage[0]->sizeX,TextureImage[0]->sizeY,

                0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,TextureImage[0]->data);

        //创建MipMapped纹理(贴图细化),可防止缩放时细节丢失

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[2]);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,

                        GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);

        //生成mipmapped纹理，这里使用三种颜色来生成一个2D纹理

        gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D,3,TextureImage[0]->sizeX,TextureImage[0]->sizeY,

                GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,TextureImage[0]->data);

        //释放存放位图数据的内存

        if(TextureImage[0]){    //纹理是否存在

            if(TextureImage[0]->data){  //纹理图像是否存在

                free(TextureImage[0]->data); //释放纹理图像所占内存

            }

            free(TextureImage[0]); //释放图像结构

        }

    }

    return Status;

}

//在ini InitGL(GLvoid)函数中添加下面的代码

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_AMBIENT,LightAmbient); //设置环境光

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_DIFFUSE,LightDiffuse); //设置漫射光

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_POSITION,lightPosition); //设置光源位置

glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);  //启用一号光源！！！

int DrawGLScene(Glvoid){    //从这里开始所有的绘制

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glLoadIdentity();

    glTransLatef(0.0f,0.0f,z);

    glRotatef(xrot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);

    glRotatef(yrot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

    glRotatef(zrot,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[filter]); //按下F键，filter会增加

    glBegin(GL_QUADS);  //开始绘制四边形

    //指定光源时必须指定一条法线，法线告诉OpenGL这个多边形的朝向，并指明正反面，法线应指向外侧

    //前侧面

    glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //法线指向观察者

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f); //左下角

    glTexCoord2d(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    //后侧面

    glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f); //法线背对观察者

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); //右下角

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

    //顶面

    glNormal3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); //法线向上

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f); //左上角

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

    //底面

    glNormal3f(0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f); //法线朝下

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f); //不明觉厉？

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    //右侧面

    glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); //法线向右

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    //左侧面

    glNormal3f(-1.0,0.0f,0.0f); //法线向左

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);

    glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);

    glEnd();  //四边形绘制结束

    xrot += xspeed;

    yrot += yspeed;

    return TRUE;

}

//WinMain()

SwapBuffers(hDC);  //交换缓存

if(keys['L'] && !lp){   //L键被按下且松开了

    lp = TRUE;

    light = !light;

    if(!light){

        glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); //禁用光源

    }else{

        glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); //启用光源

    }

}

if(!keys['L']){ //若L键松开了

    lp = FALSE;

}

if(keys['F'] && !fp){

    fp = TRUE;

    filter += 1;

    if(filter > 2){

        filter = 0;

    }

}

if(!keys['F']){

    fp = FALSE;

}

if(keys[VK_PRIOR]) {    //PageUp按下

    z -= 0.02f;

}

if(keys[VK_NEXT]) {     //PageDown

    z += 0.02f;

}

if(keys[VK_UP]){

    xspeed -= 0.01f;

}

if(keys[VK_DOWN]){

    xspeed += 0.01f

}

if(keys[VK_RIGHT]){

    yspeed += 0.01f;

}

if(keys[VK_LEFT]){

    yspeed -= 0.01f;

}

if(keys[VK_F1]){

    keys[VK_F1]  =  FALSE;

    killGLWindow(); //摧毁当前窗口

    fullscreen = !fullscreen;

    if(!CreateGLWindow("kai",640,480,16,fullscreen)){

        return 0; //无法创建窗口，退出

    }

}

killGLWindow(); //销毁窗口

return (msg.wParam); //退出程序