Redis入门笔记

Overview of Redis

• The word Redis means Remote Dictionary Server
• Initial release in 2009
• It is an advanced key-value store or a data structure
• Run entirely in memory
  
  • All data is kept in memory
  • Quick data access since it is maintained in memory
  • Data can be backed up to disk periodically
  • Single threaded server
• Extensible via Lua scripts
• Able to replicate data between servers
• Clustering also available

About Redis

Redis is ana open source, BSD licensed, advanced key-value cache and store. It is ofen referred to as a data structure server since keys can contain strings, hashesm lists, sets, sorted sets, bitmaps and hyperloglogs.

Redis：

• key-vaule cache and store
• in mermory
• 持久化
• 主从(借助sentinel实现一定意义上的高可用)

• Clustering(分布式)

• Redis is an in-memory but persistent on disk database

• 1 Million small Key->String value pairs use ~ 100MB of memory
• Single threaded - but CPU should not be the bottleneck
  
  • Average Linux system can deliver even 500k requests per second
• Limit is likely the available memory in your system
  
  • max 232 keys

Persistence

• Snapshotting
  
  • Data is asynchronously transferred from memory to disk
• AOF(Append Only File)
  
  • Each modifying operation is written to a file
  • Can recreate data store by replaying operations
  • Without interrupting service, will rebuild AOF as the shortest sequence of commands needed to rebuild the current dataset in memory

Replication

• Redis supports master-slave replication
• Master-slave replication can be chained
• Be careful:
  
  • Slaves are writeable
  • Potential for data inconsistency
• Fully compatible with Pub/Sub features

Diffences to Memcached

• Memcached is a “distried memory object caching system”
• Redis persists data to disk eventually
• Memcached is an LRU cache
• Redis has different data types and more features
• Memcached is multithreaded
• Similar speed

Redis优势

• 丰富的操作
• 内建relication和cluster
• 就地跟新(in-place update)操作
• 支持持久化
  
  • 避免雪崩效应

Memcached优势

• 多线程
  
  • 多核cpu
  • 更少的阻塞操作
• 更少的内存开销
• 更少的内存分配压力
• 可能有更少的内存碎片

存储系统有三类

• RDBMS
  
  • Key-value
  • Memcached, Redis
  • Column family NoSQL
  • Cassandra, HBase
  • Documentation NoSQL
  • MongoDB
  • Graph NoSQL
  • Neo4j
• NoSQL
• NewSQL

Redis组件

• redis-server
• redis-cli
  
  • Command line interface
• redis-benchmark
  
  • Benchmarking utility
• redis-check-dump & redis-check-aof
  
  • Corrupted RDB/AOF files utilitues

安装配置

/etc/redis.conf

守护进程 端口: 6379/tcp

等待队列，缓存新的请求: tcp-backlog 511

unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
sock 在内存中直接交换数据，而不再经过Tcp/Ip栈进行封装

快照频率的
save 900 1 #900s一个键发生变化
save 300 10 #300s10个键发生变化
save 60 10000

主从服务器配置: saveof

Keys

• Arbitrary ASCII strings
  
  • Define some format convention and adhere to it
  • Key length matters
• Multiple name spaces are available
  
  • Separate DBs indexed by an integer value
  • SELECT command
  • Multiples DBs vs Single DB + key prefixes
• Keys can expire automatically

commands

help @STRING
help @list

SET count 0
GET count

# 设置过期时间
setex count 100 60

# list
lpush list1 'hello1'
rpush list1 'hello2'
lpop list1

# set 
sadd set1 1 2 3 4
sadd set2 1 2 3 4
sinter set1 set2
sunion set1 set2

# sorted_set
help @sorted_set