20170602-leetcode-211-Add and Search Word - Data structure design

1.Description

Design a data structure that supports the following two operations:

void addWord(word)
bool search(word)

search(word) can search a literal word or a regular expression string containing only letters a-z or .. A . means it can represent any one letter.

For example:

addWord(“bad”)
addWord(“dad”)
addWord(“mad”)
search(“pad”) -> false
search(“bad”) -> true
search(“.ad”) -> true
search(“b..”) -> true
Design a data structure that supports the following two operations:

void addWord(word)
bool search(word)

search(word) can search a literal word or a regular expression string containing only letters a-z or .. A . means it can represent any one letter.

For example:

addWord("bad")
addWord("dad")
addWord("mad")
search("pad") -> false
search("bad") -> true
search(".ad") -> true
search("b..") -> true

解读

2.Solution

class WordDictionary(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.word_dict = collections.defaultdict(list)

    def addWord(self, word):
        if word:
            self.word_dict[len(word)].append(word)

    def search(self, word):
        if not word:
            return False
        if '.' not in word:
            return word in self.word_dict[len(word)]
        for v in self.word_dict[len(word)]:
            # match xx.xx.x with yyyyyyy
            for i, ch in enumerate(word):
                if ch != v[i] and ch != '.':
                    break
            #这里的结构为for-if-else,else跟for是同一个层次，当for循环遍历完所有的条件或者（for)条件不满足，而不是if语句中break导致循环的中止,执行else语句
            else:
                return True
        return False

3.for -if -break-else的例子

>>> for n in range(2, 10):
...     for x in range(2, n):
...         if n % x == 0:
...             print n, 'equals', x, '*', n/x
...             break
...     else:
...         # loop fell through without finding a factor
...         print n, 'is a prime number'
...
2 is a prime number
3 is a prime number
4 equals 2 * 2
5 is a prime number
6 equals 2 * 3
7 is a prime number
8 equals 2 * 4
9 equals 3 * 3