浅析Scanf源码

记得当初从C语言学习开始就使用scanf，关于scanf的用法也略知一二，对使用scanf出现的问题并未进行深刻探究，故笔者打算对scanf实现进行探究。

如何找到scanf源码

关于VC中的CRT代码在 VS目录下的\VC\crt\src中，我们就先把scanf.c扒出来。

int __cdecl scanf (
        const char *format,
        ...
        )
{
        va_list arglist;
        va_start(arglist, format);
        return vscanf_fn(_input_l, format, NULL, arglist);
}

scanf函数实际调用的是vscanf_fn

int __cdecl vscanf_fn (
        INPUTFN inputfn,
        const char *format,
        _locale_t plocinfo,
        va_list arglist
        )
/*
 * stdin 'SCAN', 'F'ormatted
 */
{
    int retval = 0;

    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);

    _lock_str2(0, stdin);
    __try {
        retval = (inputfn(stdin, format, plocinfo, arglist));
    }
    __finally {
        _unlock_str2(0, stdin);
    }

    return(retval);
}

实际上我们是根据inputfn这个函数指针来进行我们的scanf操作，我们继续来找这个inputfn出处。

我们在input.c中找到了真正的处理函数，我们的重点是解析这个文件，我们来看input函数说明就知道了。

/***
*int _input(stream, format, arglist), static int input(format, arglist)
*
*Purpose:
*   get input items (data items or literal matches) from the input stream
*   and assign them if appropriate to the items thru the arglist. this
*   function is intended for internal library use only, not for the user
*
*   The _input entry point is for the normal scanf() functions
*   The input entry point is used when compiling for _cscanf() [CPRFLAF
*   defined] and is a static function called only by _cscanf() -- reads from
*   console.
*
*   This code also defines _input_s, which works differently for %c, %s & %[.
*   For these, _input_s first picks up the next argument from the variable
*   argument list & uses it as the maximum size of the character array pointed
*   to by the next argument in the list.
*
*Entry:
*   FILE *stream - file to read from
*   char *format - format string to determine the data to read
*   arglist - list of pointer to data items
*
*Exit:
*   returns number of items assigned and fills in data items
*   returns EOF if error or EOF found on stream before 1st data item matched
*
*Exceptions:
*
*******************************************************************************/

浅析源码前准备

首先来学习几个关键函数和Macro的用法：

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