静态库和动态库的编译与使用

一、准备测试代码

    建立头文件thirdApi.h及实现thirdApi.cpp，主函数main.cpp。main.cpp中使用头文件#include "thirdApi.h"

// thirdApi.h
int Add(int a, int b);
int Minus(int a, int b);

// thirdApi.cpp 
#include "thirdApi.h"

int Add(int a, int b)
{
    return a + b;
}

int Minus(int a, int b)
{
    return a - b;
}

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "thirdApi.h"

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout << "5 + 2 = " << Add(5, 2) << endl;
    cout << "5 - 2 = " << Minus(5, 2) << endl;

    return 0;
}

 二、编译和使用静态库

$ g++ -c thirdApi.cpp  // 生成 thirdApi.o

$ ar q libthirdApi.a thirdApi.o  // 生成静态库libthirdApi.a

$ g++ main.cpp libthirdApi.a

$ ./a.out 
5 + 2 = 7
5 - 2 = 3

三、编译和使用动态链接库

$ g++ -fPIC -c thirdApi.cpp  // 生成thirdApi.o

$ g++ -shared -fPIC -o libthirdApi.so thirdApi.o  // 生成动态链接库libthirdApi.so

$ g++ main.cpp -L. -lthirdApi  // 生成可执行文件

// 目的是指定链接的地址，也可以直接拷贝libthirdApi.so 到/lib或/usr/lib目录下
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/wangxiaolong/my/libUsage
$ ./a.out 
5 + 2 = 7
5 - 2 = 3