安卓自定义View详解

安卓自定义View

知识点:1.ViewRoot和DecorView2.MeasureSpec3.measure layout draw4. 定义View

ViewRoot和DecorView

ViewRoot和DecorView

ViewRoot和DecorView

右图是UI界 的架构图,每个Activity都包含 个Window对象,在Android中通常有PhoneWindow来实现,PhoneWindow将 个DecorView设置为整个应 窗 的根View.DecorView将要显示的内容呈现在PhoneWindow上

ViewRoot和DecorView

ViewRoot是连接WindowManager与DecorView的纽带，View的整个绘制流程的三 步(measure、layout、draw)都是通过ViewRoot完成的。当Activity对象被创建完毕后，会将DecorView添加到Window中(Window是对窗 的抽象，DecorView是 个窗 的顶级容 View，其本质是 个FrameLayout)，同时会创建ViewRootImpl(ViewRoot的实现类)对象，并将ViewRootImpl与DecorView建 关联。整个View树的绘图流程是在ViewRoot.Java类的performTraversals()函数展开的，该函数做的执 过程可简单概况为

根据之前设置的状态，判断是否需要重新计算视图 (measure)、是否重新需要安置视图的位置(layout)、以及是否需要重绘(draw)，其框架过程如下:

整个View树的绘图流程是在ViewRoot.Java类的performTraversals()函数展开的，该函数做的执 过程可简单概况

为

ViewRoot和DecorView

下图是View树结构,Activity中使 的findViewById() 法,就是在控件树中以树的深度优先遍历来查找对应的元素.每棵树的顶部都有 个ViewParent对象,是整棵树的控制核 ,所有的交互事件都由它统 调度和发配,从 可以对整个视图进 整体的控制

MeasureSpec

MeasureSpec

是 个32位int值，很 程度上决定 个View的尺 规格。受 View的影响。系统会将View的LayoutParams根据 View施加的规则转换成对应的MeasureSpec，再根据MeasureSpec来测 出View的宽/ 。

2位代表SpecMode

低30位代表SpecSize

UNSPECIGFIED: View 对View有限制，要多 给多 EXACTLY: View已经测出View的需要的精确 ，View最终的 就是SpecSize的值。对应

match_parent和具体数值AT_MOST: View指定 个可 的 SpecSize，View 能 于这个值，对应于wrap_content

MeasureSpec(http://www.alliedjeep.com/119103.htm)下面是MeasureSpec 的工作原理

public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT; public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {

if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) { return size + mode;

} else {

return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK); }

}
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {

if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {

return 0; }

return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode); }

public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {

return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK); }

public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {

return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK); }

static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) { final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {

// No need to adjust size for UNSPECIFIED mode.

return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED); }

size += delta; if (size < 0) {

Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size + ") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);

size = 0; }

return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode); }

//... }

MeasureSpec(http://www.alliedjeep.com/119103.htm)普通View

switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:

if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension ==LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {

// Child wants to be our size. So be it. resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension ==LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {

        // Child wants to determine its own size. It

can't be
// bigger than us.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; }

break;

// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:

if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

} else if (childDimension ==LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {

// Child wants to be our size, but our sizeis not fixed.

// Constrain child to not be bigger than us. resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;

} else if (childDimension ==LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {

        // Child wants to determine its own size. It

can't be
// bigger than us.

resultSize = size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; }

break;

// Parent asked to see how big we want to be case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:

if (childDimension >= 0) {

        // Child wants a specific size... let him

have it
resultSize = childDimension;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension ==

LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how

big it should // be

resultSize =View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } else if (childDimension ==

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size....

find out how
// big it should be

resultSize =View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;

resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; }

break; }

MeasureSpec(http://www.alliedjeep.com/119103.htm)下 代码描述 DecorView的MeasureSpec的产 过程

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {int measureSpec;

}

switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);break;

case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);break;

default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);break;

}
return measureSpec;

根据它的LayoutParams中的宽 的参数来分，LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:其模式为精确模式， 就是窗 的 LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:其模式为最 模式， 定，但是 能超过窗 的 固定 ( 如100dp):其模式为精确模式， 为<span style="font-siz