设备文件自动创建:设备插上后自动生成对应的设备文件
1.实现设备文件自动创建的条件
1)根文件系统中必须存在可执行 mdev
2)配置热插拔事件对应的处理方式
vi /etc/init.d/rcS
echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
热拔插事件定义:
狭义上,U盘的插入和拔出
广义上,/sys目录下文件的变化
3)挂载了procfs 和sysfs 虚拟设备
vi /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc:基于内存的文件系统
其中的内容是Linux内核在运行过程中动态在开发板内存中创建
用于内核向用户空间导出一些内核态的执行信息
cat /proc/cmdline
cat /proc/devices
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/meminfo
很多linux系统级的软件都是通过分析/proc目录的文件变化实现的 例如 top
sys:基于内存的文件系统
其中的内容是Linux内核运行过程中动态在开发板内存中创建
用于向用户空间导出内核中硬件的层次关系
早期linux内核中没有该目录
4)改变sys/目录下的文件,产生热插拔事件
用户自动产生设备文件
class_create
作用:创建一个树枝
struct device device_create(struct class *class,struct device *parent,dev_t devt,void *drvdata,const char *fmt,…);
作用: 创建果实
class,该果实挂在哪个树枝上
parent, 该设备的父设备
devt, 设备号
drvdata, 创建时传递参数信息 通常取值为NULL
fmt, …: 决定将来产生的设备文件的名称
for(i=0; i<4; i++)
{
device_create(xxx,yyy,zzz,nnn, “ttySAC%d”, i);//ttySAC0 ttySAC1 ttySAC2 ttySAC3
}
用户自销毁设备文件
class_destroy
device_destroy
2.实验步骤:
vi led_drv.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <mach/platform.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
dev_t dev; //num
unsigned int major = 0; //main num
unsigned int minor = 5; //ci num
//int k_status = 0;
struct cdev led_cdev;
int led_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp){
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+12,0);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+11,0);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+7,0);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_B+26,0);
//printk("<2>" "OK %s\n",__func__);
return 0;
}
int led_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp){
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+12,1);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+11,1);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+7,1);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_B+26,1);
//printk("<2>" "OK %s\n",__func__);
return 0;
}
ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp,const char __user *buf,size_t len,loff_t *offset)
{
//int ret = 0;
//int k_cmd = 0;
//ret = copy_from_user(&k_cmd,buf,len);
//gpio_set_value(PAD_GPIO_C+12,!!k_cmd);
//k_status = !!k_cmd;
return len;
}
ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t len,loff_t *offset)
{
//int ret = 0;
//ret = copy_to_user(buf,&k_status,len);
return len;
}
typedef struct led_desc
{
char *name;
int gpio;
}led_desc_t;
led_desc_t leds[]=
{
{"led1",PAD_GPIO_C+12},
{"led2",PAD_GPIO_C+7},
{"led3",PAD_GPIO_C+11},
{"led4",PAD_GPIO_B+26},
};
#define LED_ON (0x10001)
#define LED_OFF (0x10002)
long led_ioctl(struct file *filp,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg){
int ret=0;
int k_index = 0;
ret = copy_from_user(&k_index,(const void __user *)arg,4);
if(ret<0){return -EINVAL;}
if(cmd == LED_ON){
gpio_set_value(leds[k_index-1].gpio,0);
}else if(cmd == LED_OFF)
{
gpio_set_value(leds[k_index-1].gpio,1);
}else
{
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
struct class *cls = NULL;
struct file_operations led_fops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
.write = led_write,
.read = led_read,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl,
};
int __init led_drv_init(void){
if(major){
//dev = major<<20|minor;
dev = MKDEV(major,minor);
register_chrdev_region(dev,1,"myleds");
}
else{
alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,minor,1,"myleds");
printk("<2>" "major=%d minor=%d\n",MAJOR(dev),MINOR(dev));
}
cdev_init(&led_cdev,&led_fops);
cdev_add(&led_cdev,dev,1);
int i = 0;
for(;i<ARRAY_SIZE(leds);i++){
gpio_request(leds[i].gpio,leds[i].name);
gpio_direction_output(leds[i].gpio,1);
}
cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"myleds");
device_create(cls,NULL,dev,NULL,"myleds");
return 0;
}
void __exit led_drv_exit(void){
int i = 0;
cdev_del(&led_cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev,1);
for(;i<ARRAY_SIZE(leds);i++){
gpio_free(leds[i].gpio);
}
device_destroy(cls,dev);
class_destroy(cls);
}
module_init(led_drv_init);
module_exit(led_drv_exit);
vi test.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
int fd = 0;
int cmd = 0;
int index = 0;
if(argc != 3)
{
printf("usage: %s<on/off><1/2/3/4>\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
fd = open("/dev/myleds",O_RDWR);
if(fd<0){
perror("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX");
return -1;
}
printf("open myleds successed!\n");
if(strcmp(argv[1],"on")==0)
cmd = 0x10001;
else if(strcmp(argv[1],"off")==0)
cmd = 0x10002;
else
return -1;
index = strtoul(argv[2],NULL,0);
if(index>4||index<1)return -1;
//write(fd,&cmd,sizeof(cmd));
//read(fd,&stat,sizeof(stat));
ioctl(fd,cmd,&index);
//printf("led1 is %s\n",stat?"off":"on");
close(fd);
return 0;
}
make
arm-cortex_a9-linux-gnueabi-gcc test.c -o test
cp test ../../rootfs/
cp led_drv.ko ../../rootfs/
在开发板上执行
rmmod led_drv
nsmod led_drv.ko
#无需创建设备文件 mknod /dev/myleds c 244 5
./test on 1
./test off 1