设计模式-责任链模式

1、引入

购买审批项目

买东西的时候需要审批，这个过程如何模拟

需要考虑的因素：

决策因素：价格

决策级别：组长、部长、副总、总裁

分析问题：

1、有一个问题需要决策

2、需要不同的决策者决策

存在问题：

图中可以判断问题属于哪个决策者，然后直接分发过去，这样处理很快，但是耦合关系很重。问题本身要判断属于哪个决策者。

使用责任链模式解决问题：

问题直接分发给第一个决策者，然后由抉择者决定如何处理这个问题（处理，或者抛给别人）。

使用类图说明上面那句话：

责任链模式：如果有多个对象都有机会处理请求，责任链可使请求的发送者和接收者解耦，请求沿着责任链传递，直到有一个对象处理了它为止。

 

2、责任链模式

 

优点：  

• 将请求的发送者和接收者解耦，
• 使多个对象都有机会处理这个请求  可以简化对象，因为它无须知道链的结构  
• 可以动态地增加或删减处理请求的链结构

缺点：  

• 请求从链的开头进行遍历，对性能有一定的损耗  
• 并不保证请求一定被处理

代码实现：

//问题
public class PurchaseRequest {
	private int Type = 0;
	private int Number = 0;
	private float Price = 0;
	private int ID = 0;

	public PurchaseRequest(int Type, int Number, float Price) {
		this.Type = Type;
		this.Number = Number;
		this.Price = Price;
	}

	public int GetType() {
		return Type;
	}

	public float GetSum() {
		return Number * Price;
	}

	public int GetID() {
		return (int) (Math.random() * 1000);
	}
}

//问题提出的人
public class Client {

	public Client() {

	}

	public PurchaseRequest sendRequst(int Type, int Number, float Price) {
		return new PurchaseRequest(Type, Number, Price);
	}

}

//决策者（handler）的超类，需要定义处理问题方式（抛给别人或自己处理）
public abstract class Approver {
	 Approver successor;
	 String Name;
	public Approver(String Name)
	{
		this.Name=Name;
	}
	public abstract void ProcessRequest( PurchaseRequest request);
	public void SetSuccessor(Approver successor) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.successor=successor;
	}
}

//决策者实体类
//组长
public class GroupApprover extends Approver {

	public GroupApprover(String Name) {
		super(Name+" GroupLeader");
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		
	}

	@Override
	public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		if (request.GetSum() < 5000) {
			System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
					+ " will be handled by "
					+ this.Name + " **");
		} else {
			successor.ProcessRequest(request);
		}
	}

}
//部长
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {

	public DepartmentApprover(String Name) {
		super(Name + " DepartmentLeader");

	}

	@Override
	public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		if ((5000 <= request.GetSum()) && (request.GetSum() < 10000)) {
			System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
					+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
		} else {
			successor.ProcessRequest(request);
		}

	}

}
//副总裁
public class VicePresidentApprover extends Approver {

	public VicePresidentApprover(String Name) {
		super(Name + " Vice President");
	}

	@Override
	public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if ((10000 <= request.GetSum()) && (request.GetSum() < 50000)) {
			System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
					+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
		} else {
			successor.ProcessRequest(request);
		}
	}

}
//总裁
public class PresidentApprover extends Approver {

	public PresidentApprover(String Name) {
		super(Name + " President");

	}

	@Override
	public void ProcessRequest(PurchaseRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (50000 <= request.GetSum()) {
			System.out.println("**This request " + request.GetID()
					+ " will be handled by " + this.Name + " **");
		}else {
			successor.ProcessRequest(request);
		}
	}

}

//问题发起与处理流程
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Client mClient=new Client();
		Approver GroupLeader=new GroupApprover("Tom");
		Approver DepartmentLeader=new DepartmentApprover("Jerry");
		Approver VicePresident=new VicePresidentApprover("Kate");
		Approver President=new PresidentApprover("Bush");
		
		GroupLeader.SetSuccessor(VicePresident);
		DepartmentLeader.SetSuccessor(President);
		VicePresident.SetSuccessor(DepartmentLeader);
		President.SetSuccessor(GroupLeader);
		
		VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(1, 100, 40));
		VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(2, 200, 40));
		VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(3, 300, 40));
		VicePresident.ProcessRequest(mClient.sendRequst(4, 400, 140));
		
	}