测试SpringMVC中的控制器

测试SpringMVC中的控制器

测试控制器最直接的办法可能就是构建并部署应用，然后通过浏览器来进行访问，但是自动化测试可能会给你更快的反馈和更一致的独立结果，所以，就需要针对控制器鞋一个测试。

假设有如下一个控制器

    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public  String sayHello(){
            return "hello";
        }

    }

该如何来测试当接受到针对“／hello.do“的get请求时会调用sayHello方法，判断返回的视图为hello.如果你只想知道测试代码如何编写，则可以直接看文章的最末尾，如果你想了解下SpringMVC整个工程的其他相关文件的内容，则可以从头往下看。

利用idea建立一个Springmvc的项目，具体步骤省略。

其中，项目中的各个文件中的内容介绍如下：

1、web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
           version="3.1">

    <display-name>winner-test Web Application</display-name>
    <servlet>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <!--指定了核心配置文件的位置 mvc-dispatcher.xml存放在resources目录下-->
      <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:mvc-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

  </web-app>

2、mvc-dispatcher.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

        <!-- 配置包扫描器 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.wrh.controller"/>
        <!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
        <!-- 视图解析器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>

    </beans>

3、pom.xml

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.wrh.springmvc</groupId>
      <artifactId>springmvcdemo01</artifactId>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>springmvcdemo01 Maven Webapp</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.12</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

      </dependencies>
      <build>
        <finalName>springmvcdemo01</finalName>
      </build>
    </project>

4、HelloController.java

     package com.wrh.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

    /**
     * Created by wuranghao on 2017/5/9.
     */
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public  String sayHello(){
            return "hello";
        }

    }

5、HelloControllerTest.java

    package com.wrh.controller;

    import org.junit.*;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;

    /**
     * HelloController Tester.
     *
     * @author <Authors name>
     * @since <pre>五月 10, 2017</pre>
     * @version 1.0
     */
    public class HelloControllerTest {

        /**
         *
         * Method: sayHello()
         *
         */
        @Test
        public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
    //TODO: Test goes here...
            HelloController helloController = new HelloController();
            MockMvc mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(helloController).build();
            mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello.do")).andExpect(view().name("hello"));
        }


    }

自己在运行上面测试代码时遇到这样一个错误：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext 。

产生的原因为：缺少javax.servlet相关依赖。
解决方法为：在pom.xml（在上面此文件中已经添加）文件中，添加如下依赖：

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>