由基于qml，c++的串口调试工具浅谈qml与c++混合编程

      最近在做一个基于sim900 的串口通信工具，基于qml和c++来实现。

      首先，对于串口，qt有自带的QSerialPort，可以实现同步，和异步通信，qt creator也有自带的例子，本例子是从其中一个名为“terminal”的例子学习了qt如何实现异步通信（c++），然后通过qml来写界面，逻辑部分由c++实现。

    通过qmlc++混合编程基于QSerialPort的异步通信（记得在pro中加上QT+=serialport），主要步骤包括下面几个：

1.使用setPort()或者setPortName()方指定想要访问的串口设备。

2.以只读或者只写或者读写模式调用open()方法打开串口。（注意：串口都是以互斥的方式访问，这也就是说我们不能打开一个已经打开的串口。）

3.成功打开之后，QSerialPort尝试着获取串口当前的配置并初始化它。你也可以使用setBaudRate()，setDataBits()，setParity()，setStopBits()和setFlowControl()方法重新配置它，

4.如果串口用读写模式打开，你就可以调用read()或者write()方法，可选的还有readline()和readAll()方法。可以使用close()方法来关闭串口和取消I/O操作。

下边叙述本程序： serial.h,serial.cpp为主函数，main.qml为主界面，Settings.qml为串口设置界面：

/main.qml///

import QtQuick 2.1
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1
Rectangle{
    width: 800
    height: 600
    color: "lightblue"
    Settings{
        id:settingwindow
        visible: false
    }

    Column{
        anchors.fill: parent
        spacing: 50
        Row{
            spacing: 50
            Button{
                width: 60
                text: "Open"
                onClicked: {
                    settingwindow.visible=true//使设置窗口可见，通过设置串口的apply按钮触发的serialtest.openAndSetPort函数打开和设置串口
                }
            }
            Button{
                width: 60
                text: "Close"
                onClicked: {
                    serialtest.closePort()//关闭串口
                    Qt.quit()
                }
            }
        }

        Grid{
            rows:2
            columns:4
            rowSpacing: 20
            columnSpacing: 40

            Label{
                height: 25
                text: "Send Data : "
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }

            TextField {
                id: textInput1
                width: 300
                height: 25
                placeholderText: qsTr("Send Data")
                font.pixelSize: 12
            }
            Label{
                height: 25
                text: "Number of Send Data: "+serialtest.sendnumber//显示发送数据计数
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            Button{
                id:sendData
                width: 60
                text: "Send"
                onClicked: {
                    serialtest.sendto(textInput1.text);//触发发送数据函数
                }
            }


            Label{
                height: 25
                text: "Receive Data : "
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            Rectangle{
                height: 300
                width: 300
                color: "lightgreen"
                radius: 10
                Label{
                    anchors.fill: parent
                    id: textreceive
                    font.pixelSize: 12
                    text:serialtest.receivedata
                }
            }

            Label{
                height: 25
                text: "Number of receive Data: "+serialtest.receivenumber//显示接收数据计数
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            Button{
                width: 60
                text: "Clear"
                onClicked: {//清空接收数据显示，将数据计数清零
                    serialtest.receivedata=""
                    serialtest.sendnumber="0"
                    serialtest.receivenumber="0"
                    serialtest.clearnumber();
                }
            }

        }

    }
}

/Settings.qml/

import QtQuick 2.1
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
import QtQuick.Window 2.0
Window{
    id:setwindow
    width: 300
    height: 300
    Column{
        id: maincolumn
        anchors.fill: parent
        spacing: 10

        Rectangle{
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            height: 1
            width: parent.width
        }
        Label{
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            text: "Set Serial Port"
            font.pointSize:12
            font.bold: true

        }
        Grid{
            id:selectgrid
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            rows:6
            columns: 2
            columnSpacing: 20
            rowSpacing: 10
            Label{
                id:selectlabel
                height: 20
                text: "PortName:"
                font.pointSize:9
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id :firstcombo
                width: maincolumn.width/2
                currentIndex: 2
                model: [ "COM1", "COM2", "COM3" ,"COM4" ,"COM5" ,"COM6" ]
            }
            Label{
                text: "BaudRate:"
                height: 20
                font.pointSize:selectlabel.font.pointSize
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id: baudRate
                width:firstcombo.width
                currentIndex: 0
                model: [ "9600", "19200", "38400","115200" ]
            }
            Label{
                text: "Data bits:"
                height: 20
                font.pointSize:selectlabel.font.pointSize
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id:dataBits
                width:firstcombo.width
                currentIndex: 3
                model: [ "5", "6", "7", "8" ]
            }
            Label{
                text: "Parity:"
                height: 20
                font.pointSize:selectlabel.font.pointSize
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id:parity
                width:firstcombo.width
                currentIndex: 0
                model: [ "None", "Even", "Odd", "Mark", "Space" ]
            }
            Label{
                height: 20
                text: "Stop bits:"
                font.pointSize:selectlabel.font.pointSize
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id:stopBits
                width:firstcombo.width
                currentIndex: 0
                model: [ "1", "1.5", "2" ]
            }
            Label{
                height: 20
                text: "Flow control:"
                font.pointSize:selectlabel.font.pointSize
                horizontalAlignment : Text.AlignHCenter
                verticalAlignment :Text.AlignVCenter
            }
            ComboBox {
                id:flowControl
                currentIndex: 0
                width:firstcombo.width
                model: [ "None", "RTS/CTS", "XON/XOFF" ]
            }
        }
        Button{
            width: 60
            text: "Apply"
            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
            onClicked: {
                serialtest.openAndSetPort(firstcombo.currentIndex,baudRate.currentIndex,dataBits.currentIndex
                                           ,parity.currentIndex,stopBits.currentIndex,flowControl.currentIndex)
                //触发此函数，由combobox控件的currentIndex作为函数变量，（所有combobox的model值和顺序都和serialtest.openAndSetPort一致，这样就可以通过传递index来获取当前设置信息）
                setwindow.visible=false
            }
        }

    }

}

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><pre name="code" class="html"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">serialset.h/</span>

#include <QObject>