简单的lua脚本

--[[
          lau程序小示例
--]]

--1.获取环境变量path的值
local f=function (t,i) return os.getenv(i) end
setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=f})

-- an example
print(a,USER,PATH)

--2.二分法求解非线性方程
delta=1e-6 -- tolerance

function bisect(f,a,b,fa,fb)
 local c=(a+b)/2
 io.write(n," c=",c," a=",a," b=",b,"\n")
 if c==a or c==b or math.abs(a-b)<delta then return c,b-a end
 n=n+1
 local fc=f(c)
 if fa*fc<0 then return bisect(f,a,c,fa,fc) else return bisect(f,c,b,fc,fb) end
end

-- find root of f in the inverval [a,b]. needs f(a)*f(b)<0
function solve(f,a,b)
 n=0
 local z,e=bisect(f,a,b,f(a),f(b))
 io.write(string.format("after %d steps, root is %.17g with error %.1e, f=%.1e\n",n,z,e,f(z)))
end

-- our function
function f(x)
 return x*x*x-x-1
end

-- find zero in [1,2]
solve(f,1,2)

--3.摄氏温度转换为华氏温度
for c0=-20,50-1,10 do
 io.write("C ")
 for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
  io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",c))
 end
 io.write("\n")
 
 io.write("F ")
 for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
  f=(9/5)*c+32
  io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",f))
 end
 io.write("\n\n")
end

--4.输出命令行参数
for i=0,table.getn(arg) do
 print(i,arg[i])
end

--5.强大的函数闭包
-- traditional fixed-point operator from functional programming
Y = function (g)
      local a = function (f) return f(f) end
      return a(function (f)
                 return g(function (x)
                             local c=f(f)
                             return c(x)
                           end)
               end)
end

-- factorial without recursion
F = function (f)
      return function (n)
               if n == 0 then return 1
               else return n*f(n-1) end
             end
    end

factorial = Y(F)   -- factorial is the fixed point of F

-- now test it
function test(x)
 io.write(x,"! = ",factorial(x),"\n")
end

for n=0,16 do
 test(n)
end

--6.斐波那契函数缓存
-- very inefficient fibonacci function
function fib(n)
 N=N+1
 if n<2 then
  return n
 else
  return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
 end
end

-- a general-purpose value cache
function cache(f)
 local c={}
 return function (x)
  local y=c[x]
  if not y then
   y=f(x)
   c[x]=y
  end
  return y
 end
end

-- run and time it
function test(s,f)
 N=0
 local c=os.clock()
 local v=f(n)
 local t=os.clock()-c
 print(s,n,v,t,N)
end

n=arg[1] or 24  -- for other values, do lua fib.lua XX
n=tonumber(n)
print("","n","value","time","evals")
test("plain",fib)
fib=cache(fib)
test("cached",fib)

--7.printf函数实现
function printf(...)
 io.write(string.format(...))
end

printf("Hello %s from %s on %s\n",os.getenv"USER" or "there",_VERSION,os.date())

--8.排序函数
-- two implementations of a sort function
-- this is an example only. Lua has now a built-in function "sort"

-- extracted from Programming Pearls, page 110
function qsort(x,l,u,f)
 if l<u then
  local m=math.random(u-(l-1))+l-1 -- choose a random pivot in range l..u
  x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l]   -- swap pivot to first position
  local t=x[l]    -- pivot value
  m=l
  local i=l+1
  while i<=u do
    -- invariant: x[l+1..m] < t <= x[m+1..i-1]
    if f(x[i],t) then
      m=m+1
      x[m],x[i]=x[i],x[m]  -- swap x[i] and x[m]
    end
    i=i+1
  end
  x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l]   -- swap pivot to a valid place
  -- x[l+1..m-1] < x[m] <= x[m+1..u]
  qsort(x,l,m-1,f)
  qsort(x,m+1,u,f)
 end
end

function selectionsort(x,n,f)
 local i=1
 while i<=n do
  local m,j=i,i+1
  while j<=n do
   if f(x[j],x[m]) then m=j end
   j=j+1
  end
 x[i],x[m]=x[m],x[i]   -- swap x[i] and x[m]
 i=i+1
 end
end

function show(m,x)
 io.write(m,"\n\t")
 local i=1
 while x[i] do
  io.write(x[i])
  i=i+1
  if x[i] then io.write(",") end
 end
 io.write("\n")
end

function testsorts(x)
 local n=1
 while x[n] do n=n+1 end; n=n-1  -- count elements
 show("original",x)
 qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
 show("after quicksort",x)
 selectionsort(x,n,function (x,y) return x>y end)
 show("after reverse selection sort",x)
 qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
 show("after quicksort again",x)
end

-- array to be sorted
x={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"}

testsorts(x)

--9.制表
local A
while 1 do
 local l=io.read()
 if l==nil then break end
 local _,_,a,b=string.find(l,'"?([_%w]+)"?%s*(.*)$')
 if a~=A then A=a io.write("\n",a,":") end
 io.write(" ",b)
end
io.write("\n")

--10.追踪调用
local level=0

local function hook(event)
 local t=debug.getinfo(3)
 io.write(level," >>> ",string.rep(" ",level))
 if t~=nil and t.currentline>=0 then io.write(t.short_src,":",t.currentline," ") end
 t=debug.getinfo(2)
 if event=="call" then
  level=level+1
 else
  level=level-1 if level<0 then level=0 end
 end
 if t.what=="main" then
  if event=="call" then
   io.write("begin ",t.short_src)
  else
   io.write("end ",t.short_src)
  end
 elseif t.what=="Lua" then
-- table.foreach(t,print)
  io.write(event," ",t.name or "(Lua)"," <",t.linedefined,":",t.short_src,">")
 else
 io.write(event," ",t.name or "(C)"," [",t.what,"] ")
 end
 io.write("\n")
end

debug.sethook(hook,"cr")
level=0

--11.16进制输出
local offset=0
while true do
 local s=io.read(16)
 if s==nil then return end
 io.write(string.format("%08X  ",offset))
 string.gsub(s,"(.)",
 function (c) io.write(string.format("%02X ",string.byte(c))) end)
 io.write(string.rep(" ",3*(16-string.len(s))))
 io.write(" ",string.gsub(s,"%c","."),"\n")
 offset=offset+16
end

--12.跟踪指定的全局变量
-- trace assigments to global variables

do
 -- a tostring that quotes strings. note the use of the original tostring.
 local _tostring=tostring
 local tostring=function(a)
  if type(a)=="string" then
   return string.format("%q",a)
  else
   return _tostring(a)
  end
 end

 local log=function (name,old,new)
  local t=debug.getinfo(3,"Sl")
  local line=t.currentline
  io.write(t.short_src)
  if line>=0 then io.write(":",line) end
  io.write(": ",name," is now ",tostring(new)," (was ",tostring(old),")","\n")
 end

 local g={}
 local set=function (t,name,value)
  log(name,g[name],value)
  g[name]=value
 end
 setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=g,__newindex=set})
end

-- an example

a=1
b=2
a=10
b=20
b=nil
b=200
print(a,b,c)