kernel---进程创建研究之 fork()

首先提取出do_fork(),

from linux/kernel/fork.c

/*
 *  Ok, this is the main fork-routine.
 *
 * It copies the process, and if successful kick-starts
 * it and waits for it to finish using the VM if required.
 */
long do_fork(unsigned long clone_flags,
	      unsigned long stack_start,
	      struct pt_regs *regs,
	      unsigned long stack_size,
	      int __user *parent_tidptr,
	      int __user *child_tidptr)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	int trace = 0;
	long nr;

	/*
	 * Do some preliminary argument and permissions checking before we
	 * actually start allocating stuff
	 */
	if (clone_flags & CLONE_NEWUSER) {
		if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
			return -EINVAL;
		/* hopefully this check will go away when userns support is
		 * complete
		 */
		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) || !capable(CAP_SETUID) ||
				!capable(CAP_SETGID))
			return -EPERM;
	}

	/*
	 * We hope to recycle these flags after 2.6.26
	 */
	if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) {
		static int __read_mostly count = 100;

		if (count > 0 && printk_ratelimit()) {
			char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];

			count--;
			printk(KERN_INFO "fork(): process `%s' used deprecated "
					"clone flags 0x%lx\n",
				get_task_comm(comm, current),
				clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * When called from kernel_thread, don't do user tracing stuff.
	 */
	if (likely(user_mode(regs)))
		trace = tracehook_prepare_clone(clone_flags);

	p = <span style="color:#FF0000;">copy_process</span>(clone_flags, stack_start, regs, stack_size,
			 child_tidptr, NULL, trace);
	/*
	 * Do this prior waking up the new thread - the thread pointer
	 * might get invalid after that point, if the thread exits quickly.
	 */
	if (!IS_ERR(p)) {
		struct completion vfork;

		trace_sched_process_fork(current, p);

		nr = task_pid_vnr(p);

		if (clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT_SETTID)
			put_user(nr, parent_tidptr);

		if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
			p->vfork_done = &vfork;
			init_completion(&vfork);
		}

		audit_finish_fork(p);
		tracehook_report_clone(regs, clone_flags, nr, p);

		/*
		 * We set PF_STARTING at creation in case tracing wants to
		 * use this to distinguish a fully live task from one that
		 * hasn't gotten to tracehook_report_clone() yet.  Now we
		 * clear it and set the child going.
		 */
		p->flags &= ~PF_STARTING;

		if (unlikely(clone_flags & CLONE_STOPPED)) {
			/*
			 * We'll start up with an immediate SIGSTOP.
			 */
			sigaddset(&p->pending.signal, SIGSTOP);
			set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SIGPENDING);
			__set_task_state(p, TASK_STOPPED);
		} else {
			wake_up_new_task(p, clone_flags);
		}

		tracehook_report_clone_complete(trace, regs,
						clone_flags, nr, p);

		if (clone_flags & CLONE_VFORK) {
			freezer_do_not_count();
			wait_for_completion(&vfork);
			freezer_count();
			tracehook_report_vfork_done(p, nr);
		}
	} else {
		nr = PTR_ERR(p);
	}
	return nr;
}

call  copy_process( );

在此函数中有几个重要函数的调用：

（1）dup_task_struct( ); 

在copy_process( )中调用形式为p = dup_task_struct(current);

current为当前进程描述符。

static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	struct thread_info *ti;
	unsigned long *stackend;

	int err;

	prepare_to_copy(orig);

	<span style="color:#FF0000;">tsk = alloc_task_struct();</span>
	if (!tsk)
		return NULL;

	<span style="color:#FF0000;">ti = alloc_thread_info(tsk);</span>
	if (!ti) {
		free_task_struct(tsk);
		return NULL;
	}

 	err = arch_dup_task_struct(tsk, orig);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	tsk->stack = ti;

	err = prop_local_init_single(&tsk->dirties);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	setup_thread_stack(tsk, orig);
	clear_user_return_notifier(tsk);
	stackend = end_of_stack(tsk);
	*stackend = STACK_END_MAGIC;	/* for overflow detection */

#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
	tsk->stack_canary = get_random_int();
#endif

	/* One for us, one for whoever does the "release_task()" (usually parent) */
	atomic_set(&tsk->usage,2);
	atomic_set(&tsk->fs_excl, 0);
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE
	tsk->btrace_seq = 0;
#endif
	tsk->splice_pipe = NULL;

	account_kernel_stack(ti, 1);

	return tsk;

out:
	free_thread_info(ti);
	free_task_struct(tsk);
	return NULL;
}

函数中复制了进程描述符

# define alloc_task_struct()    kmem_cache_alloc(task_struct_cachep, GFP_KERNEL)

static inline struct thread_info *alloc_thread_info(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
    gfp_t mask = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO;
#else
    gfp_t mask = GFP_KERNEL;
#endif
    return (struct thread_info *)__get_free_pages(mask, THREAD_SIZE_ORDER);
}