参照:https://www.cnblogs.com/kuotian/p/8795812.html
试验代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u010476739/11420289
试验条件:
maven
spring framwork 4.2.4.RELEASE
试验目的:
测试spring实现自动装配的三种方式:
1. 基于xml文件的属性自动装配
2.基于属性注解的
3.基于类扫描的自动装配
试验一:基于xml的自动装配
说明:
1).bean的声明和装配都是在这个xml配置文件中
2).自动装配是给bean装配属性的时候不用再使用<property />去声明了,而是在bean声明上添加 autoware="byName"等
3).自动装配的两种策略:基于bean名称、基于bean类型。可以全局设置这种策略类型也可以局部设置
1.pom.xml文件配置省略
2.java代码结构
3.代码
Cat.java
package springautoware;
public class Cat {
public String name="小猫";
}
Dog.java
package springautoware;
public class Dog {
public String name="小狗";
}
User.java
package springautoware;
public class User {
private Dog dog;
private Cat cat;
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
public void setCat(Cat cat) {
this.cat = cat;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return dog.name + "-" + cat.name;
}
}
App.java
package springautoware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User u=context.getBean("user",User.class);
System.out.println(u);
}
}
4. spring配置文件
1)按名称自动装配
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 被装配的bean -->
<bean id="dog" class="springautoware.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="springautoware.Cat"></bean>
<!-- 按照名称自动装配:在构建user实例的时候会将上面的两个bean装配到user实例的属性中去 -->
<bean id="user" class="springautoware.User" autowire="byName"></bean>
</beans>
2) 按bean类型自动装配
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 被装配的bean -->
<bean id="dog" class="springautoware.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="springautoware.Cat"></bean>
<!-- 按照类型自动装配:在构建user实例的时候会将上面的两个bean装配到user实例的属性中去 -->
<bean id="user" class="springautoware.User" autowire="byType"></bean>
</beans>
3) 全局设置装配策略
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
default-autowire="byType">
<!-- 被装配的bean -->
<bean id="dog" class="springautoware.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="cat" class="springautoware.Cat"></bean>
<!-- 按照类型自动装配:在构建user实例的时候会将上面的两个bean装配到user实例的属性中去 -->
<bean id="user" class="springautoware.User" autowire="default"></bean>
</beans>
5. 运行
试验二:基于注解的自动装配
说明:
1).bean的声明都是在这个xml配置文件中,但是bean的装配可以在属性的注解上
2).bean的装配常用的注解及功能:
按bean类型装配:@Autowired
按bean名称装配:@Autowired + @Qualifier
@Resource: @Resource如有指定的name属性,先按该属性进行byName方式查找装配;其次再进行默认的byName方式进行装配;如果以上都不成功,则按byType的方式自动装配。都不成功,则报异常。
1.pom.xml文件配置省略
2.java代码结构
3.代码
Cat.java
package springautoware2;
public class Cat {
public String name="小猫";
}
Dog.java
package springautoware2;
public class Dog {
public String name="小狗";
}
User.java
package springautoware2;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
public class User {
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "dog")
private Dog dog2;
@Resource
private Cat cat;
@Override
public String toString() {
return dog.name + "-" + cat.name + "-" + dog2.name;
}
}
App.java
package springautoware2;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User u = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(u);
}
}
4. spring配置文件(applicationContext.xml)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="cat" class="springautoware2.Cat"></bean>
<bean id="dog" class="springautoware2.Dog"></bean>
<bean id="user" class="springautoware2.User"></bean>
<context:annotation-config />
</beans>
5. 运行
试验三:类自动装配
说明:
1).bean的声明和装配都是用注解完成的,只需要在配置文件中声明好扫描的包前缀就行了
2).bean的声明装配注解:
声明:
@Controller注解 只能用控制器类上
@Service注解 只能用在业务类上
@Repository注解 只能用在dao类上
@Component注解 无法按照上面三个注解分类,就用此注解
装配:
@Resource: 写在要进行装配的属性上面
1.pom.xml文件配置省略
2.java代码结构
3.代码
Cat.java
package springautoware3;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Cat {
public String name="小猫";
}
Dog.java
package springautoware3;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Dog {
public String name = "小狗";
}
User.java
package springautoware3;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class User {
@Resource
private Dog dog;
@Resource
private Dog dog2;
@Resource
private Cat cat;
@Override
public String toString() {
return dog.name + "-" + cat.name + "-" + dog2.name;
}
}
App.java
package springautoware3;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User u = context.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println(u);
}
}
4. spring配置文件(applicationContext.xml)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan
base-package="springautoware3" />
<!-- 要扫描多个包可以下面用","分割,也可以多个context:component-scan -->
<!-- <context:component-scan
base-package="springautoware3,springautoware2" /> -->
</beans>
5. 运行