sd卡问题

u-boot切到linux 时，卡住了

对比发现板子问题，量到这时候的电平是tf io是3.3v,发现是切不到1.8v,因为跑内核需要切到高速
后来发现是调节IO电平的IO坏了
ad8ef7a3e4a1a93c1f87bd491c12f.png)

Rom code(空板）从sdcard卡启动必须要供电正常，且IO要3.3v,才能被识别到且启动

sdcard识别不到sdr104

[    2.122929] mmc1: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa
[    2.128984] mmcblk1: mmc1:aaaa SD32G 29.7 GiB 
[    2.135164]  mmcblk1: p1 p2

 cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc1/ios
clock:          50000000 Hz
actual clock:   50000000 Hz
vdd:            21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V)
bus mode:       2 (push-pull)
chip select:    0 (don't care)
power mode:     2 (on)
bus width:      2 (4 bits)
timing spec:    2 (sd high-speed)
signal voltage: 0 (3.30 V)
driver type:    0 (driver type B)

发现IO电压只能3.3V不能切1.8V，通过修改后，支持切换到1.8V后识别了sdr104

[    1.643107] mmc1: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa
[    1.649063] mmcblk1: mmc1:aaaa SD32G 29.7 GiB 
[    1.654757]  mmcblk1: p1 p2

 cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc1/ios
clock:          200000000 Hz
actual clock:   200000000 Hz
vdd:            21 (3.3 ~ 3.4 V)
bus mode:       2 (push-pull)
chip select:    0 (don't care)
power mode:     2 (on)
bus width:      2 (4 bits)
timing spec:    6 (sd uhs SDR104)
signal voltage: 1 (1.80 V)
driver type:    0 (driver type B)

量sdcard sdr104 的clk是200M左右

嵌入式Linux磁盘（硬盘、SD卡）读写性能测试

不清理内核缓存，对同一个文件连续进行多次读速度测试差异大，不准确

需要用以下命令清除内核缓存，每次测试前都要清除

sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

如何在Linux机器中测试存储/磁盘I/O性能?

下面命令在参数中设置不使用缓存
读

 dd if=/dev/mmcblk1 of=/dev/null bs=1G count=1 iflag=direct

写

 dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct

sdr104

 dd if=/dev/mmcblk1 of=/dev/null bs=1G count=1 iflag=direct

1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 11.6883 s, 91.9 MB/s

 dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 55.9383 s, 19.2 MB/s

拿同样一块tf卡（先抛开不同的文件系统格式，平台不支持extfat/ntfs格式），在 window上用工具软件ATTO 磁盘基准测试.exe测试了，写与读的速度差异较大，4-5倍的样子

为什么TF卡的随机写入性能那么差？

如何浅显易懂地解释「闪存」？它的存储原理是什么？

SD卡在写入时需要先将该区块，应该是256KB置1才能编程，这需要时间，这样时间就耗费在擦除区块上，而读的时候直接读取即可。写的数据越零碎开销就越大，所以就会更慢

tf卡自动搭载

Linux下udev应用


系统是通过将分区名与设备名连接在一起组合成挂载的文件名，名字中有mmcblk1就是接入tf卡槽的卡/dev/mmcblk1p1 /dev/mmcblk1p2

/dev/mmcblk1 /dev/mmcblk1p1 /dev/mmcblk1p2 /dev/mmcblk1p2 /dev/mmcblk1p1

最后脚本处理后挂载到对应的点

root@:/etc/udev/scripts# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       14793608 4347476   9672860  32% /
devtmpfs         1437484       4   1437480   1% /dev
tmpfs            1700588       0   1700588   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1700588    9164   1691424   1% /run
tmpfs            1700588       0   1700588   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs            1700588       0   1700588   0% /tmp
tmpfs              16384       0     16384   0% /media/ram
tmpfs              51200     920     50280   2% /var/volatile
tmpfs             340116       0    340116   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mmcblk1p2  30374844 4577016  24229524  16% /run/media/mmcblk1p2
/dev/mmcblk1p1    137105    3160    133946   3% /run/media/mmcblk1p1

/etc/udev/scripts/mount.sh

调试可以知，脚本中的$DEVNAME是系统udev得到设备节点的路径名

#!/bin/sh
#
# Called from udev
#
# Attempt to mount any added block devices and umount any removed devices

BASE_INIT="`readlink -f "/sbin/init"`"
INIT_SYSTEMD="/lib/systemd/systemd"

if [ "x$BASE_INIT" = "x$INIT_SYSTEMD" ];then
    # systemd as init uses systemd-mount to mount block devices
    MOUNT="/usr/bin/systemd-mount"
    UMOUNT="/usr/bin/systemd-umount"

    if [ -x $MOUNT ] && [ -x $UMOUNT ];
    then
        logger "Using systemd-mount to finish mount"
    else
        logger "Linux init is using systemd, so please install systemd-mount to finish mount"
        exit 1
    fi
else
    MOUNT="/bin/mount"
    UMOUNT="/bin/umount"
fi

PMOUNT="/usr/bin/pmount"

for line in `grep -h -v ^# /etc/udev/mount.blacklist /etc/udev/mount.blacklist.d/*`
do
  if [ ` expr match "$DEVNAME" "$line" ` -gt 0 ];
  then
        logger "udev/mount.sh" "[$DEVNAME] is blacklisted, ignoring"
        exit 0
  fi
done

automount_systemd() {
    name="`basename "$DEVNAME"`"

    # Skip already mounted partitions
    if [ -f /run/systemd/transient/run-media-$name.mount ]; then
        logger "mount.sh/automount" "/run/media/$name already mounted"
        return
    fi

    # Skip the partition which are already in /etc/fstab
    grep "^[[:space:]]*$DEVNAME" /etc/fstab && return
    for n in LABEL PARTLABEL UUID PARTUUID; do
        tmp="$(lsblk -o $n $DEVNAME | sed -e '1d')"
        test -z "$tmp" && continue
        tmp="$n=$tmp"
        grep "^[[:space:]]*$tmp" /etc/fstab && return
    done

    [ -d "/run/media/$name" ] || mkdir -p "/run/media/$name"

    MOUNT="$MOUNT -o silent"

    # If filesystemtype is vfat, change the ownership group to 'disk', and
    # grant it with  w/r/x permissions.
    case $ID_FS_TYPE in
    vfat|fat)
        MOUNT="$MOUNT -o umask=007,gid=`awk -F':' '/^disk/{print $3}' /etc/group`"
        ;;
    swap)
        return ;;
    # TODO
    *)
        ;;
    esac

    if ! $MOUNT --no-block -t auto $DEVNAME "/run/media/$name"
    then
        #logger "mount.sh/automount" "$MOUNT -t auto $DEVNAME \"/run/media/$name\" failed!"
        rm_dir "/run/media/$name"
    else
        logger "mount.sh/automount" "Auto-mount of [/run/media/$name] successful"
        touch "/tmp/.automount-$name"
    fi
}

automount() {
  name="`basename "$DEVNAME"`"

  if [ -x "$PMOUNT" ]; then
        $PMOUNT $DEVNAME 2> /dev/null
  elif [ -x $MOUNT ]; then
        $MOUNT $DEVNAME 2> /dev/null
  fi

  # If the device isn't mounted at this point, it isn't
  # configured in fstab
  grep -q "^$DEVNAME " /proc/mounts && return

  ! test -d "/run/media/$name" && mkdir -p "/run/media/$name"
  # Silent util-linux's version of mounting auto
  if [ "x`readlink $MOUNT`" = "x/bin/mount.util-linux" ] ;
  then
        MOUNT="$MOUNT -o silent"
  fi

  # If filesystem type is vfat, change the ownership group to 'disk', and
  # grant it with  w/r/x permissions.
  case $ID_FS_TYPE in
  vfat|fat)
        MOUNT="$MOUNT -o umask=007,gid=`awk -F':' '/^disk/{print $3}' /etc/group`"
        ;;
  swap)
        return ;;
  # TODO
  *)
        ;;
  esac

  if ! $MOUNT -t auto $DEVNAME "/run/media/$name"
  then
        #logger "mount.sh/automount" "$MOUNT -t auto $DEVNAME \"/run/media/$name\" failed!"
        rm_dir "/run/media/$name"
  else
        logger "mount.sh/automount" "Auto-mount of [/run/media/$name] successful"
        touch "/tmp/.automount-$name"
  fi
}

rm_dir() {
  # We do not want to rm -r populated directories
  if test "`find "$1" | wc -l | tr -d " "`" -lt 2 -a -d "$1"
  then
        ! test -z "$1" && rm -r "$1"
  else
        logger "mount.sh/automount" "Not removing non-empty directory [$1]"
  fi
}

# No ID_FS_TYPE for cdrom device, yet it should be mounted
name="`basename "$DEVNAME"`"
[ -e /sys/block/$name/device/media ] && media_type=`cat /sys/block/$name/device/media`

if [ "$ACTION" = "add" ] && [ -n "$DEVNAME" ] && [ -n "$ID_FS_TYPE" -o "$media_type" = "cdrom" ]; then
    # Note the root filesystem can show up as /dev/root in /proc/mounts,
    # so check the device number too
    if expr $MAJOR "*" 256 + $MINOR != `stat -c %d /`; then
        if [ "`basename $MOUNT`" = "systemd-mount" ];then
            automount_systemd
        else
            automount
        fi
    fi
fi

if [ "$ACTION" = "remove" ] || [ "$ACTION" = "change" ] && [ -x "$UMOUNT" ] && [ -n "$DEVNAME" ]; then
    for mnt in `cat /proc/mounts | grep "$DEVNAME" | cut -f 2 -d " " `
    do
        $UMOUNT $mnt
    done

    # Remove empty directories from auto-mounter
    name="`basename "$DEVNAME"`"
    test -e "/tmp/.automount-$name" && rm_dir "/run/media/$name"
fi

tf卡启动，开不了机

硬件发现是卡槽有问题,没有检测到卡有接入，所以没能开机