奔跑吧linux内核-物理内存初始化

arm64架构下的linux系统内存布局

TLB查表

到底什么是内存管理中的TLB

命中

没命中

普通 进程内存分布样式

内存管理是一个很复杂的系统，涉及的内容很多，下图是一个抽象的概述

#内存大小
在ARM　linux中用dts(dts由powerPC的fdt演变过来）呈现，在ARM vexpress中，内存的定义是在
kernel\linux\v4.4\arch\arm\boot\dts\vexpress-v2p-ca9.dts中，内存的起始地址是0x60000000，大小为0x40000000即1G大小

	memory@60000000 {
		device_type = "memory";
		reg = <0x60000000 0x40000000>;
	};

内核启动时解析dts，实现的代码在drivers/of/fdt.c
start_kernel->setup_arch(&command_line)->setup_machine_fdt(__atags_pointer)->early_init_dt_scan_nodes->[of_scan_flat_dt(early_init_dt_scan_memory, NULL)]
->early_init_dt_scan_memory

/**
 * early_init_dt_scan_memory - Look for an parse memory nodes
 */
int __init early_init_dt_scan_memory(unsigned long node, const char *uname,
				     int depth, void *data)
{
	const char *type = of_get_flat_dt_prop(node, "device_type", NULL);
	const __be32 *reg, *endp;
	int l;

	/* We are scanning "memory" nodes only */
	if (type == NULL) {
		/*
		 * The longtrail doesn't have a device_type on the
		 * /memory node, so look for the node called /memory@0.
		 */
		if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC32) || depth != 1 || strcmp(uname, "memory@0") != 0)
			return 0;
	} else if (strcmp(type, "memory") != 0)
		return 0;

	reg = of_get_flat_dt_prop(node, "linux,usable-memory", &l);
	if (reg == NULL)
		reg = of_get_flat_dt_prop(node, "reg", &l);
	if (reg == NULL)
		return 0;

	endp = reg + (l / sizeof(__be32));

	pr_debug("memory scan node %s, reg size %d,\n", uname, l);

	while ((endp - reg) >= (dt_root_addr_cells + dt_root_size_cells)) {
		u64 base, size;

		base = dt_mem_next_cell(dt_root_addr_cells, &reg);
		size = dt_mem_next_cell(dt_root_size_cells, &reg);

		if (size == 0)
			continue;
		pr_debug(" - %llx ,  %llx\n", (unsigned long long)base,
		    (unsigned long long)size);

		early_init_dt_add_memory_arch(base, size);
	}

	return 0;
}

获取从dts中memory节点得到内存的base_address和size信息最后通过early_init_dt_add_memory_arch(base, size)调用memblock_add加入到memblock子系统

#物理内存映射
内核使用内存前，需要初始化内核的页表，初始化页表只要在paging_init()函数中实现，
真正建立页表在map_lowmem函数中，且在映射页表之前，需要把页表清零，主要在prepare_page_table函数中实现

static inline void prepare_page_table(void)
{
	unsigned long addr;
	phys_addr_t end;

	/*
	 * Clear out all the mappings below the kernel image.
	 */
	for (addr = 0; addr < MODULES_VADDR; addr += PMD_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	/* The XIP kernel is mapped in the module area -- skip over it */
	addr = ((unsigned long)_etext + PMD_SIZE - 1) & PMD_MASK;
#endif
	for ( ; addr < PAGE_OFFSET; addr += PMD_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

	/*
	 * Find the end of the first block of lowmem.
	 */
	end = memblock.memory.regions[0].base + memblock.memory.regions[0].size;
	if (end >= arm_lowmem_limit)
		end = arm_lowmem_limit;

	/*
	 * Clear out all the kernel space mappings, except for the first
	 * memory bank, up to the vmalloc region.
	 */
	for (addr = __phys_to_virt(end);
	     addr < VMALLOC_START; addr += PMD_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
}

这里调用pmd_clear函数，清除一级页表项的内容
　0~MODULES_VADDR
　MODULES_VADDR~PAGE_OFFSET
　arm_lowmem_limit~VMALLOC_START

真正创建页表的地方：map_lowmem

static void __init map_lowmem(void)
{
	struct memblock_region *reg;
	phys_addr_t kernel_x_start = round_down(__pa(_stext), SECTION_SIZE);
	phys_addr_t kernel_x_end = round_up(__pa(__init_end), SECTION_SIZE);

	/* Map all the lowmem memory banks. */
	for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
		phys_addr_t start = reg->base;
		phys_addr_t end = start + reg->size;
		struct map_desc map;

		if (end > arm_lowmem_limit)
			end = arm_lowmem_limit;
		if (start >= end)
			break;

		if (end < kernel_x_start) {
			map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(start);
			map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(start);
			map.length = end - start;
			map.type = MT_MEMORY_RWX;

			create_mapping(&map);
		} else if (start >= kernel_x_end) {
			map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(start);
			map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(start);
			map.length = end - start;
			map.type = MT_MEMORY_RW;

			create_mapping(&map);
		} else {
			/* This better cover the entire kernel */
			if (start < kernel_x_start) {
				map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(start);
				map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(start);
				map.length = kernel_x_start - start;
				map.type = MT_MEMORY_RW;

				create_mapping(&map);
			}
			//映射内核image区域
			map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(kernel_x_start);
			map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(kernel_x_start);
			map.length = kernel_x_end - kernel_x_start;
			map.type = MT_MEMORY_RWX;

			create_mapping(&map);
			//映射低端内存
			if (kernel_x_end < end) {
				map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(kernel_x_end);
				map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(kernel_x_end);
				map.length = end - kernel_x_end;
				map.type = MT_MEMORY_RW;

				create_mapping(&map);
			}
		}
	}
}