C++中的find函数

一、string的find函数

// string::find
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <string>         // std::string

int main ()
{
  std::string str ("There are two needles in this haystack with needles.");
  std::string str2 ("needle");

  // different member versions of find in the same order as above:
  std::size_t found = str.find(str2); //找第一个"needle"
  if (found!=std::string::npos)       //string::npos=-1,不等于就是找到了
    std::cout << "first 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';

  found=str.find("needles are small",found+1,6);  //从found后面开始找，找前6个字符，也就是第二个"needle"
  if (found!=std::string::npos)
    std::cout << "second 'needle' found at: " << found << '\n';

  found=str.find("haystack");
  if (found!=std::string::npos)
    std::cout << "'haystack' also found at: " << found << '\n';

  found=str.find('.');
  if (found!=std::string::npos)
    std::cout << "Period found at: " << found << '\n';

  // let's replace the first needle:
  str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition");  //replace函数
  std::cout << str << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

first 'needle' found at: 14
second 'needle' found at: 44
'haystack' also found at: 30
Period found at: 51
There are two prepositions in this haystack with needles

二、std::find

// find example
#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <algorithm>    // std::find
#include <vector>       // std::vector

int main () {
  // using std::find with array and pointer:
  int myints[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
  int * p;

  p = std::find (myints, myints+4, 30);
  if (p != myints+4)
    std::cout << "Element found in myints: " << *p << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "Element not found in myints\n";

  // using std::find with vector and iterator:
  std::vector<int> myvector (myints,myints+4);
  std::vector<int>::iterator it;

  it = find (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 30);
  if (it != myvector.end())
    std::cout << "Element found in myvector: " << *it << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "Element not found in myvector\n";

  return 0;
}

Output:

// find example
#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <algorithm>    // std::find
#include <vector>       // std::vector

int main () {
  // using std::find with array and pointer:
  int myints[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
  int * p;

  p = std::find (myints, myints+4, 30);
  if (p != myints+4)
    std::cout << "Element found in myints: " << *p << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "Element not found in myints\n";

  // using std::find with vector and iterator:
  std::vector<int> myvector (myints,myints+4);
  std::vector<int>::iterator it;

  it = find (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 30);
  if (it != myvector.end())
    std::cout << "Element found in myvector: " << *it << '\n';
  else
    std::cout << "Element not found in myvector\n";

  return 0;
}

三、set::find

// set::find
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main ()
{
  std::set<int> myset;
  std::set<int>::iterator it;

  // set some initial values:
  for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i*10);    // set: 10 20 30 40 50

  it=myset.find(20);
  myset.erase (it);
  myset.erase (myset.find(40));

  std::cout << "myset contains:";
  for (it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
    std::cout << ' ' << *it;
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

myset contains: 10 30 50

四、map::find

// map::find
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main ()
{
  std::map<char,int> mymap;
  std::map<char,int>::iterator it;

  mymap['a']=50;
  mymap['b']=100;
  mymap['c']=150;
  mymap['d']=200;

  it = mymap.find('b');
  if (it != mymap.end())
    mymap.erase (it);

  // print content:
  std::cout << "elements in mymap:" << '\n';
  std::cout << "a => " << mymap.find('a')->second << '\n';
  std::cout << "c => " << mymap.find('c')->second << '\n';
  std::cout << "d => " << mymap.find('d')->second << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

elements in mymap:
a => 50
c => 150
d => 200