显示具体化和模板函数的运用小例题

//1.对于给定的函数名，可以有非模板函数、模板函数和显示具体化模板函数以及它们的重载版本
//2.显示具体化的原型和定义应以template<>开头，并通过名称来指出类型
//3.具体化将覆盖常规模板，而非模板函数将覆盖具体化和常规模板


#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
template<class Any>
void Swap(Any &a,Any &b);


struct job
{
char name[40];
double salary;
int floor;
};
//explicit specialization
template<>void Swap<job>(job &j1,job &j2);
void Show(job &j);


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
using namespace std;
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios:: fixed,ios:: floatfield);
int i=10,j=20;
cout<<"i,j= "<< i << ", " << j << ".\n";
cout<<"Using compiler-generated int swapper:\n";
Swap(i,j);
cout<<"Now i,j= "<< i << "." << j << ".\n";


job sue={"Suan Yaffee",73000.60,7};


job sidney={"Sidney",78060.72,9};
cout<<"Before job swapping:\n";
Show(sue);
Show(sidney);
Swap(sue,sidney);//use void swap(job&,job &);
cout<<"After job swapping:\n";
Show(sue);
Show(sidney);


system("pause");
return 0;
}


template<class Any>
void Swap(Any &a,Any &b)//general version
{
Any temp;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}
//swaps just the salary and floor of a job structure
template<>void Swap<job>(job &j1,job &j2)
{
double t1;
int t2;


t1=j1.salary;
j1.salary=j2.salary;
j2.salary=t1;


t2=j1.floor;
j1.floor=j2.floor;
j2.floor=t2;
}
void Show(job &j)
{
using namespace std;
cout<< j.name << ":$" << j.salary<< " on floor "<< j.floor<<endl;
}