多客户端之间的通信,可采用消息推送和消息拉取两种方法。所谓消息推送,即采用publish/subscribe模式,但该方法要求用户必须在线才能接收到消息;所谓消息拉取模式,即由接收端自己拉取存储在某种邮箱里的消息。
数据结构
1、群
群ID计数器:(string)
ids:chat
群成员:(zset,包括群内所有成员及其拉取的最新消息ID)
chat:群ID Last_Message_ID 用户ID
消息ID计数器:(string)
ids:msg:群ID
群消息:(zset)
msgs:群ID 消息ID 消息内容
2、用户
群组:(zset,包括用户加入的群及从群内拉取的最新消息ID)
seen:用户ID Last_Message_ID 群ID
原理
1、建群
incr ids:chat
2、进群
2.1、获取最新群消息ID:
Current_Message_ID = get ids:msg:群ID
2.2、修改群成员集合,更新用户从群内拉取的最新消息ID:
zadd chat:群ID Current_Message_ID 用户ID
2.3、修改用户加入的群,更新用户从群内拉取的最新消息ID:
zadd seen:用户ID Current_Message_ID 群ID
3、退群
3.1、修改群成员集合:
zrem chat:群ID 用户ID
3.2、修改用户加入的群:
zrem seen:用户ID 群ID
3.3、清除群消息:
1)获取群成员集合中剩余成员数目:
Number = zcard chat:群ID
2)若 Number <= 0,则删除群消息ID计数器和群内所有消息:
del ids:msg:群ID
zremrangebyrank msgs:群ID 0 -1
3)若 Number > 0,则:
获取群成员集合中最小的score,最小score之前的消息必定已被所有用户拉取:
Min_Score = zrange chat:群ID 0 0 withscores
清除已被所有成员拉取的消息:
zremrangebyscore msgs:群ID 0 Min_Score
4、发送消息
4.1、创建群消息ID:
New_Message_ID = incr ids:msg:群ID
4.2、将消息添加到群消息集合:
zadd msgs:群ID New_Message_ID 消息内容
5、拉取消息
5.1、获取用户所加入的群信息(包括群ID和从群内最后拉取的消息ID):
<群ID, Last_Message_ID> = zrange seen:用户ID 0 -1 withscores
5.2、遍历所加入的群,拉取所有群消息(并记录最大未读群消息ID:Max_Message_ID):
zrangebyscore msgs:群ID Last_Message_ID+1 inf
5.3、修改群成员集合和用户加入群集合,更新用户从群内拉取的最大消息ID:
zadd chat:群ID Max_Message_ID 用户ID
zadd seen:用户ID Max_Message_ID 群ID
5.4、清除已被所有成员拉取的消息:
获取群成员集合中最小的score,最小score之前的消息必定已被所有用户拉取:
Min_Score = zrange chat:群ID 0 0 withscores
清除已被所有人阅读的消息:
zremrangebyscore msgs:群ID -inf Min_Score
实现
1、建群
int ChatManager::createChat()
{
// 分配群ID
redisReply *pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "INCR ids:chat");
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
int nChatID = pRedisReply->integer;
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
return nChatID;
}
2、进群
bool ChatManager::joinChat(int nChatID, QString &strUser)
{
//1、获取最新群消息ID
QString strMsgIDKeyName = QString("ids:msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
redisReply *pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "GET %s", strMsgIDKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
int nLastMsgID = pRedisReply->integer;
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//2、修改群成员集合,更新用户从群内拉取的最新消息ID
QString strChatKeyName = QString("chat:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZADD %s %d %s", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nLastMsgID, strUser.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//3、修改用户加入的群,更新用户从群内拉取的最新消息ID
QString strSeenKeyName = QString("seen:%1").arg(strUser);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZADD %s %d %d", strSeenKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nLastMsgID, nChatID);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
return true;
}
3、退群
bool ChatManager::leaveChat(int nChatID, QString &strUser)
{
//1、修改群成员集合
QString strChatKeyName = QString("chat:%1").arg(nChatID);
redisReply *pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZREM %s %s", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), strUser.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//2、修改用户加入的群
QString strSeenKeyName = QString("seen:%1").arg(strUser);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZREM %s %d", strSeenKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nChatID);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//清除群消息
//3、获取群成员集合中剩余成员数目
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZCARD %s", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
int nMembers = pRedisReply->integer;
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
if (nMembers <= 0)
{
//群内无剩余成员
//4、删除群消息ID计数器
QString strMsgIDKeyName = QString("ids:msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "DEL %s", strMsgIDKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//5、删除群内所有消息
QString strMsgKeyName = QString("msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZREMRANGEBYRANK %s 0 -1", strMsgKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
}
else
{
//群内还有剩余成员 清除已被所有成员拉取的消息
//6、获取群成员集合中最小的score,最小score之前的消息必定已被所有用户拉取
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZRANGE %s 0 0 WITHSCORES", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
int nScore = atoi(pRedisReply->element[1]->str);
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//7、清除已被所有成员拉取的消息
QString strMsgKeyName = QString("msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZREMRANGEBYSCORE %s 0 %d", strMsgKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nScore);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
}
return true;
}
4、发送消息
bool ChatManager::sendMsg(int nChatID, QString &strMsgInfo)
{
//1、创建群消息ID
QString strMsgIDKeyName = QString("ids:msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
redisReply *pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "INCR %s", strMsgIDKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
int nNewMsgID = pRedisReply->integer;
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//2、将消息添加到群消息集合
QString strMsgKeyName = QString("msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZADD %s %d %s", strMsgKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nNewMsgID, strMsgInfo.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
return true;
}
5、拉取消息
bool ChatManager::fetchMsg(QString &strUser)
{
//1、获取用户所加入的群信息(包括群ID和从群内最后拉取的消息ID)
QString strSeenKeyName = QString("seen:%1").arg(strUser);
redisReply *pSeenRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZRANGE %s 0 -1 WITHSCORES", strSeenKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pSeenRedisReply == NULL)
{
return false;
}
//2、遍历所加入的群
for (int nIndex = 0; nIndex < pSeenRedisReply->elements; nIndex = nIndex + 2)
{
int nChatID = atoi(pSeenRedisReply->element[nIndex]->str);
int nNextLastMsgID = atoi(pSeenRedisReply->element[nIndex + 1]->str) + 1;
//3、拉取所有群消息
QString strMsgKeyName = QString("msg:%1").arg(nChatID);
redisReply *pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZRANGEBYSCORE %s %d INF WITHSCORES", strMsgKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nNextLastMsgID);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return false;
}
if (0 == pRedisReply->elements)
{
continue; //没有未读消息
}
//4、展示所有未读消息
int nMaxMsgID = 0;
for (int nMsgIndex = 0; nMsgIndex < pRedisReply->elements; nMsgIndex = nMsgIndex + 2)
{
QString strMsgInfo = pRedisReply->element[nMsgIndex]->str;
int nMsgID = atoi(pRedisReply->element[nMsgIndex + 1]->str);
// 展示消息
if (nMsgID > nMaxMsgID)
{
nMaxMsgID = nMsgID;
}
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//5、修改群成员集合 更新用户从群内拉取的最大消息ID
QString strChatKeyName = QString("chat:%1").arg(nChatID);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZADD %s %d %s", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nMaxMsgID, strUser.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//6、修改用户加入群集合 更新用户从群内拉取的最大消息ID
QString strSeenKeyName = QString("seen:%1").arg(strUser);
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZADD %s %d %d", strSeenKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nMaxMsgID, nChatID);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//清除已被所有成员拉取的消息
//7、获取群成员集合中最小的score,最小score之前的消息必定已被所有用户拉取
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZRANGE %s 0 0 WITHSCORES", strChatKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data());
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return false;
}
if (pRedisReply->elements != 2)
{
continue;
}
int nOldMsgID = atoi(pRedisReply->element[1]->str);
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
//8、清除已被所有人阅读的消息
pRedisReply = (redisReply *)redisCommand(m_pRedisContext, "ZREMRANGEBYSCORE %s -INF %d", strMsgKeyName.toLocal8Bit().data(), nOldMsgID);
if (pRedisReply == NULL)
{
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return false;
}
freeReplyObject(pRedisReply);
}
freeReplyObject(pSeenRedisReply);
return true;
}