OPENGL (动画，光照，纹理)

1、黑环境的灰球的白光 效果

  #include <windows.h>

  #include <gl/glut.h>

  #include <gl/gl.h>

  #include <math.h>

 

  float width=300, high=300;

  float xmin=-100,xmax=100, ymin=-100, ymax=100, dnear =-100, dfar =100;

 

  void init(){

 

  glClearColor(0,0,0,1);

 

  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

  glLoadIdentity();

 

  glViewport(0,0, width ,high);

 

      glOrtho(xmin,xmax, ymin, ymax,dnear,dfar);

 

  glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

 

  glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

  glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

  }

  void Car(){

      glutSolidSphere(20,20,10);

  }

  void setLight(void)

  {

      static const GLfloat light_position[] = {100.0f, 100.0f, -100.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_ambient[]   = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_diffuse[]   = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

 

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT,   light_ambient);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE,   light_diffuse);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, light_specular);

 

      glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

      glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

      glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

  }

  void setMatirial(const GLfloat mat_diffuse[4], GLfloat mat_shininess)

  {

      static const GLfloat mat_specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat mat_emission[] = {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f};

 

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR,   mat_specular);

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION,   mat_emission);

      glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

  }

  void myDisplay(void)

  {

      // 定义一些材质颜色

      const static GLfloat red_color[] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

      const static GLfloat green_color[] = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

      const static GLfloat blue_color[] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1};

      const static GLfloat white_color[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

      const static GLfloat black_color[] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

 

      // 清除屏幕

      glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

 

      // 设置光源

      setLight();

 

      // 绘制一个不透明黑色球体

      setMatirial(black_color, 0.0);

      glPushMatrix();

  //     glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);

      glutSolidSphere(50, 20, 20);

      glPopMatrix();

 

      glutSwapBuffers();

  }

 

  int main(int argc, char **argv )

  {   glutInit(&argc, argv);

  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);

  glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);

  glutInitWindowSize(width, high);

  glutCreateWindow("光照");

 

  init();

  glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);

  glutMainLoop();

  return 0;

  }

  =============================================================

  2、机器人的动画及光照

  #include <windows.h>

  #include <gl/glut.h>

  #include <gl/gl.h>

  #include <math.h>

 

  float width =300, high=300;

  float xmin=-5,xmax=5,ymin=-5,ymax=5,dnear=-5,dfar=5;

  float x0=0, y0=0;

  float red=0,green=1,blue=0;

  float xpos=0,ypos=0,zpos=-5,lx=0,ly=0,lz=5;

  float anglex=0,angley=0,anglez=0,movex=0,movey=0,movez=0;

 

  float angle1=15,angle2=15;

 

  void init(){

    glClearColor(0,0,0,0);

 

    glViewport(x0,y0,width,high);

 

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

    glLoadIdentity();

 

    glOrtho(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax,dnear,dfar);

 

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

    glLoadIdentity();

 

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

 

  }

 

  void robate(){

  //头

  glPushMatrix();

  glTranslatef(0,3,0);

  glutWireSphere(0.6,20,20);

  glPopMatrix();

 

  //身体

  glPushMatrix();

      glTranslatef(0,0.9,0);

  glScalef(1, 1.2f, 0.5);

  glutSolidCube(2.5);

  glPopMatrix();

  //两肢

  glPushMatrix();

      glTranslatef(-1.7,0.2,0);

  glScalef(0.3, 0.8, 0.5);

  glRotatef(angle2, 1,0,0);

  glutSolidCube(2.5);

  glPopMatrix();

 

  glPushMatrix();

      glTranslatef(1.7,0.2,0);

  glScalef(0.3, 0.8, 0.5);

  glRotatef(angle1, 1,0,0);

  glutSolidCube(2.5);

  glPopMatrix();

  //双腿

 

  glPushMatrix();

      glTranslatef(-0.6,-2.3,0);

  glScalef(0.3, 1.2, 0.5);

  glRotatef(angle1, 1,0,0);

  glutSolidCube(2.5);

  glPopMatrix();

 

  glPushMatrix();

      glTranslatef(0.6,-2.3,0);

  glScalef(0.3, 1.2, 0.5);

  glPushMatrix();

  glRotatef(angle2, 1,0,0);

  glutSolidCube(2.5);

  glPopMatrix();

  glPopMatrix();

 

  }

  void setLight(void)

  {

      static const GLfloat light_position[] = {100.0f, 100.0f, -100.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_ambient[]   = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_diffuse[]   = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat light_specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

 

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT,   light_ambient);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE,   light_diffuse);

      glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, light_specular);

 

      glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

      glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

      glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

  }

  void setMatirial(const GLfloat mat_diffuse[4], GLfloat mat_shininess)

  {

      static const GLfloat mat_specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

      static const GLfloat mat_emission[] = {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f};

 

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR,   mat_specular);

      glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION,   mat_emission);

      glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);

  }

 

  void display(){

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

 

    gluLookAt(xpos,ypos,zpos,

              lx,ly,lz,

              0,1,0);

 

    glColor3f(red,green,blue);

 

    glRotatef(anglex,1,0,0);

    glRotatef(angley,0,1,0);

    glRotatef(anglez,0,0,1);

 

    glTranslatef(movex,movey,movez);

 

      // 设置光源

      setLight();

 

      // 绘制一个不透明体

      const static GLfloat green_color[] = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};

      setMatirial(green_color, 0.0);

 

    glPushMatrix();

    robate();

    glPopMatrix();

 

    glutSwapBuffers();

  }

 

  void timer(int value){

      bool leg1=true;

  bool leg2=true;

 

  if(leg1)

  angle1+=0.1;

  else angle1-=0.1;

  if(angle1>=15) leg1=false;

  if(angle1<=-15) leg1=true;

 

  if(leg2)

  angle2-=0.1;

  else angle2+=0.1;

  if(angle2<=15) leg1=false;

  if(angle2>=-15) leg1=true;

 

      glutPostRedisplay();

      glutTimerFunc(300,timer,0);

  }

  int main(int   argc, char **argv){

      glutInit(&argc, argv);

      glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB| GLUT_DOUBLE| GLUT_DEPTH);

      glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);

      glutInitWindowSize(width,high);

      glutCreateWindow("机器人动画与光照!");

 

      init();

      glutDisplayFunc(display);

    glutTimerFunc(300,timer,0); //时钟控制

      printf("动画说明：");

      glutMainLoop();

 

  }

  =============================================================

3、纹理

需加载imageloader.h , imageloader.cpp , 24位图 caodi.bmp， 最后写main.cpp

#include <windows.h>

  #include <iostream>

  #include <stdlib.h>

 

  #ifdef __APPLE__

  #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>

  #include <GLUT/glut.h>

  #else

  #include <GL/glut.h>

  #endif

 

  #include "imageloader.h"

 

  using namespace std;

 

  //Makes the image into a texture, and returns the id of the texture

  GLuint loadTexture(Image* image) {   //装载图像

  GLuint textureId;

  glGenTextures(1, &textureId); //Make room for our texture

  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId); //Tell OpenGL which texture to edit

  //Map the image to the texture

  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,                 //Always GL_TEXTURE_2D

  0,                             //0 for now

  GL_RGB,                       //Format OpenGL uses for image

  image->width, image->height,   //Width and height

  0,                             //The border of the image

  GL_RGB, //GL_RGB, because pixels are stored in RGB format

  GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, //GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, because pixels are stored

                    //as unsigned numbers

  image->pixels);               //The actual pixel data

  return textureId; //Returns the id of the texture

  }

 

  GLuint _textureId; //The id of the texture

 

  void initRendering() {   //获得图像

  glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

  glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);

  glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);

 

  Image* image = loadBMP("F:/C++programs/wenli_1230/caodi.bmp"); //图片路径：还必须是24位图

  _textureId = loadTexture(image);

  delete image;

  }

 

  void handleResize(int w, int h) { //重新定义大小

  glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

 

  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

  glLoadIdentity();

 

  gluPerspective(45.0, (float)w / (float)h, 1.0, 200.0);

  }

  void Car(){

  glutSolidCube(10);

 

  }

  void drawScene() {

  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

 

  glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

      glLoadIdentity();

 

  glTranslatef(0.0f, 1.0f, -6.0f);

 

 

  glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, _textureId);

 

  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);

  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);

 

  glColor3f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f);

  glBegin(GL_QUADS);

  glNormal3f(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f);

  glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, -2.5f, 2.5f);

  glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);

  glVertex3f(2.5f, -2.5f, 2.5f);

  glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);

  glVertex3f(2.5f, -2.5f, -2.5f);

  glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, -2.5f, -2.5f);

  glEnd();

 

  //Left   左边的咖啡色方形

  glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

  glColor3f(1.0f, 0.7f, 0.3f);

  glBegin(GL_QUADS);

 

  glNormal3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, -2.5f, 2.5f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, -2.5f, -2.5f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, 2.5f, -2.5f);

  glVertex3f(-2.5f, 2.5f, 2.5f);

 

  glEnd();

  glutSwapBuffers();

  }

 

  int main(int argc, char** argv) {

  glutInit(&argc, argv);

  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);

  glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);

 

  glutCreateWindow("Textures - videotutorialsrock.com");

  initRendering();

 

  glutDisplayFunc(drawScene);

  glutReshapeFunc(handleResize);

 

  glutMainLoop();

  return 0;

  }