c++ 封装 （上）

内联函数：在编译时将函数体嵌入在每一个调用处。

优点：效率高

省去了图中2（调用），4（返回）这两步

内联函数必须是比较少，结构清晰的函数。

如果是比较复杂的代码，就算加上inline的关键字，也不会当作内联函数。

构造函数：

拷贝构造函数：

这里用的const是为了不让这个函数修改这个参数

构造函数总结：

析构函数：

#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Teacher
{
private:
	const int m_iStuNum;
	string m_strName;
	int m_iAge;
	char* m_pFirstName;
public:
	//Teacher(void);
	Teacher(string name = "xd" , int age = 18);//不可以和无参构造函数共存
	Teacher(const Teacher& t);
	string getName();
	void setName(string name);
	int getAge();
	void setAge(int age);
	int getStuNum();
	~Teacher(void);
};

#include "Teacher.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


//Teacher::Teacher(void):m_strName("xxf"), m_iAge(22)
//{
//	cout << "无参构造函数" << endl;
//}

Teacher::Teacher(string name, int age):m_strName(name), m_iAge(age), m_iStuNum(50){
	//this->m_iStuNum = 200; 这样修改const变量是错误的
	m_pFirstName = new char[20];
	cout << "有默认参数构造函数" << endl;
}

Teacher::Teacher(const Teacher& t):m_iStuNum(50){//这个const的成员变量一定要初始化，不然编译不过
	this->m_iAge = t.m_iAge;
	this->m_strName = t.m_strName;
	cout << "拷贝构造函数" << endl;
}
int Teacher::getStuNum(){
	return this->m_iStuNum;
}

Teacher::~Teacher(void)
{
	cout << "析构函数" << endl;
	delete m_pFirstName;
	m_pFirstName = NULL;
}

int Teacher::getAge(){
	return m_iAge;
}

void Teacher::setAge(int age){
	this->m_iAge = age;
}

string Teacher::getName(){
	return m_strName;
}

void Teacher::setName(string name){
	this->m_strName = name;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Teacher.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	Teacher *t1 = new Teacher();
	Teacher *t2 = new Teacher("hqq", 20);
	Teacher *t3 = new Teacher("zl");
	Teacher *t4 = new Teacher(*t1);
	Teacher *t5 = t4;

	cout << t1->getName() << "--" << t1->getAge() << endl;
	cout << t2->getName() << "--" << t2->getAge() << endl;
	cout << t3->getName() << "--" << t3->getAge() << endl;
	cout << t4->getName() << "--" << t4->getAge() << endl;
	cout << t4->getStuNum() << endl;
	cout << t5->getName() << "--" << t5->getAge() << endl;
	cout << t5->getStuNum() << endl;

	//delete t5; 4 和 5指向同一个内存,就会出现空地址指针
	cout << t1 << endl;
	cout << t4 << endl;
	cout << t5 << endl;
	delete t1;
	delete t2;
	delete t3;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结：