Retrofit与RxJava和OKhttp对接

Retrofit在整个网络请求架构（Rxjava+Retrofit+OKhttp）的位置处于一个中间连接的环节，异步解耦层是Rxjava，网络请求层是OKhttp。

那Retrofit是如何与二者进行对接的，本人菜鸟，在这里写一下自己的理解，如有不合理之处，恳请指正。：

一、与OKhttp相互对接

Retrofit中的Call接口：

public interface Call<T> extends Cloneable {

   Response execute()throws IOException;//同步请求方法

   void enqueue(Callback callback);//异步请求方法
  
   /******/

}

比较重要的就是同步和异步请求，与OKhttp对接的网络请求类是

final class OkHttpCall<T> implements Call<T>

首先看一下同步方法请求：

@Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
    okhttp3.Call call;//Okhttp中的Call类，用于真正的网络请求

    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;

      if (creationFailure != null) {
        if (creationFailure instanceof IOException) {
          throw (IOException) creationFailure;
        } else {
          throw (RuntimeException) creationFailure;
        }
      }

      call = rawCall;
      if (call == null) {
        try {
          call = rawCall = createRawCall();
        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
          creationFailure = e;
          throw e;
        }
      }
    }

    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }

    return parseResponse(call.execute());//返回Okhttp中call的同步请求结果，会堵塞当前线程
  }

在源码中发现，retrofit中使用Call同步请求网络访问其实最终调起的也是OKhttp中的call的同步请求，只是将OKhttp的请求结果进行进一步的封装和处理。

下面看一下Retrofit异步请求的源码

  @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
    okhttp3.Call call;
    Throwable failure;

    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;

      call = rawCall;
      failure = creationFailure;
      if (call == null && failure == null) {
        try {
          call = rawCall = createRawCall();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          failure = creationFailure = t;
        }
      }
    }

    if (failure != null) {
      callback.onFailure(this, failure);
      return;
    }

    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }

    call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {//跟同步请求相似，也是调起OKhttp的异步请求
      @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
          throws IOException {
        Response<T> response;
        try {
          response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
          callFailure(e);
          return;
        }
        callSuccess(response);
      }

      @Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
        try {
          callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    });
  }

从源码中可以看出，跟同步请求类似，Retrofit是调起的OKhttp中的异步请求方法： call.enqueue。

二：Retrofit动态代理模式生成OkHttp Call

如果对java动态代理不是很熟悉的话，建议先去看以下动态代理的知识。

  public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
    Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
    if (validateEagerly) {
      eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
    }
    //动态代理生成接口实例
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();

          @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }
            return loadMethodHandler(method).invoke(args);
          }
        });
  }

通过动态代理对接口的函数进行处理，从上述代码可知：

 // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }

对于继承与Object的方法不做处理，直接invoke。

下面的代码：

if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }

此代码中if()中的判断始终未fasle，这段代码应该是为将来功能预留的接口，暂时还没有实现。

比较关键的是最后一句 return loadMethodHandler(method).invoke(args);

让我们看以下loadMethodHandler方法：

 MethodHandler loadMethodHandler(Method method) {
    MethodHandler handler;
    synchronized (methodHandlerCache) {
      handler = methodHandlerCache.get(method);
      if (handler == null) {
        handler = MethodHandler.create(this, method);
        methodHandlerCache.put(method, handler);
      }
    }
    return handler;
  }

此方法会创建一个MethodHandler的实例，这个实例是经过缓存处理的，如果缓存没有命中则创建新实例。

下面看下MethodHandler的invoke方法，invoke方法返回接口所定义的类型。

Object invoke(Object... args) {
    return callAdapter.adapt(
        new OkHttpCall<>(callFactory, requestFactory, args, responseConverter));
  }

invoke方法很简单，直接调用callAdapter.adapt方法。callAdapter是 CallAdapter<?>类型的。

其中callAdapter是在MethodHandler的Create方法中实例化：

 static MethodHandler create(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
    CallAdapter<?> callAdapter = createCallAdapter(method, retrofit);
    Type responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
    if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
      throw Utils.methodError(method, "'"
          + Types.getRawType(responseType).getName()
          + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
    }
    Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseConverter =
        createResponseConverter(method, retrofit, responseType);
    RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactoryParser.parse(method, responseType, retrofit);
    return new MethodHandler(retrofit.callFactory(), requestFactory, callAdapter,
        responseConverter);
  }

CallAdapter<?> callAdapter = createCallAdapter(method, retrofit);

createCallAdapter(method, retrofit);

会调用Retrofit类中的：

nextCallAdapter(CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
    Annotation[] annotations)

看代码：

public CallAdapter<?> nextCallAdapter(CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
      Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = adapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter<?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate call adapter for ")
        .append(returnType)
        .append(".\n");
    if (skipPast != null) {
      builder.append("  Skipped:");
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
      }
      builder.append('\n');
    }
    builder.append("  Tried:");
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
  }

尤其是：

 for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter<?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }

其中adapterFactories是个List列表，里面默认存放生成Call的DefaultCallAdapterFactory，Retrofit中的适配器工厂都是使用的是抽象工厂模式，用于将接口方法转化为Call：

 public Retrofit build() {
      if (baseUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
      }

      okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
      }

      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
      adapterFactories.add(Platform.get().defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));

      // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
      List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);

      return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
          callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
    }
  }
}

下面看下DefaultCallAdapterFactory是如何进行适配的：

final class DefaultCallAdapterFactory extends CallAdapter.Factory {
  static final CallAdapter.Factory INSTANCE = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory();

  @Override
  public CallAdapter<?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }

    final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
    return new CallAdapter<Call<?>>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public <R> Call<R> adapt(Call<R> call) {
        return call;
      }
    };
  }
}

由此可见

 @Override public <R> Call<R> adapt(Call<R> call) {
        return call;
      }

默认对于Call未做转化，返回值也是Call类型。

三、Rxjava对接Retrofit

Rxjava在对接Retrofit时，需要给Retrofit传入RxJavaCallAdapterFactory的实例，Retrofit是使用的抽象工厂模式来创建适配器，再通过适配器将OkHttp中的网络请求Call.execute方法适配给Observable观察源的subscribe方法。下面看一下RxJavaCallAdapterFactory中的源码理解一下。

  private CallAdapter<Observable<?>> getCallAdapter(Type returnType) {
    Type observableType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);
    Class<?> rawObservableType = getRawType(observableType);
    if (rawObservableType == Response.class) {
      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Response must be parameterized"
            + " as Response<Foo> or Response<? extends Foo>");
      }
      Type responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
      return new ResponseCallAdapter(responseType);
    }

    if (rawObservableType == Result.class) {
      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result must be parameterized"
            + " as Result<Foo> or Result<? extends Foo>");
      }
      Type responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
      return new ResultCallAdapter(responseType);
    }

    return new SimpleCallAdapter(observableType);
  }

以上代码是通过工厂模式生成的CallAdapter适配器。

下面看下生成的CallAdapter源码：

 static final class SimpleCallAdapter implements CallAdapter<Observable<?>> {
    private final Type responseType;

    SimpleCallAdapter(Type responseType) {
      this.responseType = responseType;
    }

    @Override public Type responseType() {
      return responseType;
    }

    @Override public <R> Observable<R> adapt(Call<R> call) {
      return Observable.create(new CallOnSubscribe<>(call)) //
          .flatMap(new Func1<Response<R>, Observable<R>>() {
            @Override public Observable<R> call(Response<R> response) {
              if (response.isSuccess()) {
                return Observable.just(response.body());
              }
              return Observable.error(new HttpException(response));
            }
          });
    }
  }

其中adapt方法返回了 Observable<R>类型的对象，创建Observable对象时将new CallOnSubscribe<>(call)生成的对象传入create方法。看下CallOnSubscribe类的源码：

static final class CallOnSubscribe<T> implements Observable.OnSubscribe<Response<T>> {
    private final Call<T> originalCall;

    CallOnSubscribe(Call<T> originalCall) {
      this.originalCall = originalCall;
    }

    @Override public void call(final Subscriber<? super Response<T>> subscriber) {
      // Since Call is a one-shot type, clone it for each new subscriber.
      final Call<T> call = originalCall.clone();

      // Attempt to cancel the call if it is still in-flight on unsubscription.
      subscriber.add(Subscriptions.create(new Action0() {
        @Override public void call() {
          call.cancel();
        }
      }));

      try {
        Response<T> response = call.execute();
        if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
          subscriber.onNext(response);
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        Exceptions.throwIfFatal(t);
        if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
          subscriber.onError(t);
        }
        return;
      }

      if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
        subscriber.onCompleted();
      }
    }
  }

由此可以看出在CallOnSubscribe的call方法中调用了Okhttp的call.execute()同步请求网络方法。

 public final <R> Observable<R> lift(final Operator<? extends R, ? super T> operator) {
        return new Observable<R>(new OnSubscribe<R>() {
            @Override
            public void call(Subscriber<? super R> o) {
                try {
                    Subscriber<? super T> st = hook.onLift(operator).call(o);
                    try {
                        // new Subscriber created and being subscribed with so 'onStart' it
                        st.onStart();
                        onSubscribe.call(st);
                    } catch (Throwable e) {
                        // localized capture of errors rather than it skipping all operators 
                        // and ending up in the try/catch of the subscribe method which then
                        // prevents onErrorResumeNext and other similar approaches to error handling
                        Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                        st.onError(e);
                    }
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
                    // if the lift function failed all we can do is pass the error to the final Subscriber
                    // as we don't have the operator available to us
                    o.onError(e);
                }
            }
        });
    }

在Observable的lift方法中调起了CallOnSubscribe.call方法请求网络。

三、RxJava流程解析

在RxJava的create Observable的时候，需要传入OnSubscribe接口，这个接口以Action1类为积基类，所以我们传入的OnSubscribe需要重写Action1的call方法。当Observable调用subscribe方法（如下代码）时，会调用传入OnSubscribe实例的call方法。

 private static <T> Subscription subscribe(Subscriber<? super T> subscriber, Observable<T> observable) {
     // validate and proceed
        if (subscriber == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("observer can not be null");
        }
        if (observable.onSubscribe == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("onSubscribe function can not be null.");
            /*
             * the subscribe function can also be overridden but generally that's not the appropriate approach
             * so I won't mention that in the exception
             */
        }
        
        // new Subscriber so onStart it
        subscriber.onStart();
        
        /*
         * See https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava/issues/216 for discussion on "Guideline 6.4: Protect calls
         * to user code from within an Observer"
         */
        // if not already wrapped
        if (!(subscriber instanceof SafeSubscriber)) {
            // assign to `observer` so we return the protected version
            subscriber = new SafeSubscriber<T>(subscriber);
        }

        // The code below is exactly the same an unsafeSubscribe but not used because it would 
        // add a significant depth to already huge call stacks.
        try {
            // allow the hook to intercept and/or decorate
            hook.onSubscribeStart(observable, observable.onSubscribe).call(subscriber);
            return hook.onSubscribeReturn(subscriber);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            // special handling for certain Throwable/Error/Exception types
            Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e);
            // if an unhandled error occurs executing the onSubscribe we will propagate it
            try {
                subscriber.onError(hook.onSubscribeError(e));
            } catch (Throwable e2) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(e2);
                // if this happens it means the onError itself failed (perhaps an invalid function implementation)
                // so we are unable to propagate the error correctly and will just throw
                RuntimeException r = new RuntimeException("Error occurred attempting to subscribe [" + e.getMessage() + "] and then again while trying to pass to onError.", e2);
                // TODO could the hook be the cause of the error in the on error handling.
                hook.onSubscribeError(r);
                // TODO why aren't we throwing the hook's return value.
                throw r;
            }
            return Subscriptions.unsubscribed();
        }
    }

在与retrofit配合使用是，RxJavaCallAdapterFactory抽象工厂帮我们封装好了OnSubscribe实例CallOnSubscribe：

static final class CallOnSubscribe<T> implements Observable.OnSubscribe<Response<T>> {
    private final Call<T> originalCall;

    CallOnSubscribe(Call<T> originalCall) {
      this.originalCall = originalCall;
    }

    @Override public void call(final Subscriber<? super Response<T>> subscriber) {
      // Since Call is a one-shot type, clone it for each new subscriber.
      final Call<T> call = originalCall.clone();

      // Attempt to cancel the call if it is still in-flight on unsubscription.
      subscriber.add(Subscriptions.create(new Action0() {
        @Override public void call() {
          call.cancel();
        }
      }));

      try {
        Response<T> response = call.execute();
        if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
          subscriber.onNext(response);
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        Exceptions.throwIfFatal(t);
        if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
          subscriber.onError(t);
        }
        return;
      }

      if (!subscriber.isUnsubscribed()) {
        subscriber.onCompleted();
      }
    }
  }

从中可以看出使用的是Call的execute同步请求方法。