三维动画实现
一、问题概述
程序思想:以前基本都是写控制台的程序,而对窗体程序涉及不多。在这次的程序中设计的是一个三维的动画界面的游戏程序,实现一些少量的、简单的功能。
程序功能:用户打开程序就可以开始进行游戏;
用户可以使用键盘上的上、下、左和右按键,可以使飞机在空中进行向右、向左、向下和向上的基本飞行动作;
用户可以在文件选项中选择保存现在的游戏状态,或打开以前保存的游戏状态;
点击退出或关闭按钮,退出游戏。
二、程序概述
1、模型代码块:
模型初始化:
Model::Model()
{
m_numMeshes = 0;
m_pMeshes = NULL;
m_numMaterials = 0;
m_pMaterials = NULL;
m_numTriangles = 0;
m_pTriangles = NULL;
m_numVertices = 0;
m_pVertices = NULL;
}
Model::~Model()
{
int i;
for ( i = 0; i < m_numMeshes; i++ )
delete[] m_pMeshes[i].m_pTriangleIndices;
for ( i = 0; i < m_numMaterials; i++ )
delete[] m_pMaterials[i].m_pTextureFilename;
m_numMeshes = 0;
if ( m_pMeshes != NULL )
{
delete[] m_pMeshes;
m_pMeshes = NULL;
}
m_numMaterials = 0;
if ( m_pMaterials != NULL )
{
delete[] m_pMaterials;
m_pMaterials = NULL;
}
m_numTriangles = 0;
if ( m_pTriangles != NULL )
{
delete[] m_pTriangles;
m_pTriangles = NULL;
}
m_numVertices = 0;
if ( m_pVertices != NULL )
{
delete[] m_pVertices;
m_pVertices = NULL;
}
}
void Model::draw()
{
GLboolean texEnabled = glIsEnabled( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
// Draw by group
for ( int i = 0; i < m_numMeshes; i++ )
{
int materialIndex = m_pMeshes[i].m_materialIndex;
if ( materialIndex >= 0 )
{
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_ambient );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_diffuse );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_specular );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_emissive );
glMaterialf( GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_shininess );
if ( m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_texture > 0 )
{
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_texture );
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
else
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
else
{
// Material properties?
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES );
{
for ( int j = 0; j < m_pMeshes[i].m_numTriangles; j++ )
{
int triangleIndex = m_pMeshes[i].m_pTriangleIndices[j];
const Triangle* pTri = &m_pTriangles[triangleIndex];
for ( int k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
{
int index = pTri->m_vertexIndices[k];
glNormal3fv( pTri->m_vertexNormals[k] );
glTexCoord2f( pTri->m_s[k], pTri->m_t[k] );
glVertex3fv( m_pVertices[index].m_location );
}
}
}
glEnd();
}
if ( texEnabled )
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
else
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
GLuint Model::makeDisplayList()
{
GLuint List = glGenLists(1);
glNewList(List,GL_COMPILE); // Start With The Box List
GLboolean texEnabled = glIsEnabled( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
// Draw by group
for ( int i = 0; i < m_numMeshes; i++ )
{
int materialIndex = m_pMeshes[i].m_materialIndex;
if ( materialIndex >= 0 )
{
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_ambient );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_diffuse );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_specular );
glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_emissive );
glMaterialf( GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_shininess );
if ( m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_texture > 0 )
{
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_pMaterials[materialIndex].m_texture );
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
else
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
else
{
// Material properties?
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES );
{
for ( int j = 0; j < m_pMeshes[i].m_numTriangles; j++ )
{
int triangleIndex = m_pMeshes[i].m_pTriangleIndices[j];
const Triangle* pTri = &m_pTriangles[triangleIndex];
for ( int k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
{
int index = pTri->m_vertexIndices[k];
glNormal3fv( pTri->m_vertexNormals[k] );
glTexCoord2f( pTri->m_s[k], pTri->m_t[k] );
glVertex3fv( m_pVertices[index].m_location );
}
}
}
glEnd();
}
if ( texEnabled )
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
else
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
glEndList();
return List;
}
void Model::reloadTextures()
{
for ( int i = 0; i < m_numMaterials; i++ )
if ( strlen( m_pMaterials[i].m_pTextureFilename ) > 0 )
m_pMaterials[i].m_texture = m_texture.LoadGLTexture( m_pMaterials[i].m_pTextureFilename );
else
m_pMaterials[i].m_texture = 0;
}
应用draw函数对模型进行绘画
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES );
{
for ( int j = 0; j < m_pMeshes[i].m_numTriangles; j++ )
{
int triangleIndex = m_pMeshes[i].m_pTriangleIndices[j];
const Triangle* pTri = &m_pTriangles[triangleIndex];
for ( int k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
{
int index = pTri->m_vertexIndices[k];
glNormal3fv( pTri->m_vertexNormals[k] );
glTexCoord2f( pTri->m_s[k], pTri->m_t[k] );
glVertex3fv( m_pVertices[index].m_location );
}
}
}
glEnd();
}
if ( texEnabled )
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
else
glDisable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
}
2、地形纹路代码块
Texture::Texture()
{
}
Texture::~Texture()
{
}
AUX_RGBImageRec *Texture::LoadBMP(const char *Filename) // Loads A Bitmap Image
{
FILE *File=NULL; // File Handle
if (!Filename) // Make Sure A Filename Was Given
{
return NULL; // If Not Return NULL
}
File=fopen(Filename,"r"); // Check To See If The File Exists
if (File) // Does The File Exist?
{
fclose(File); // Close The Handle
return auxDIBImageLoad(Filename); // Load The Bitmap And Return A Pointer
}
return NULL; // If Load Failed Return NULL
}
GLuint Texture::LoadGLTexture( const char *filename ) // Load Bitmaps And Convert To Textures
{
bool Status=true;
AUX_RGBImageRec *pImage; // Create Storage Space For The Texture
pImage = LoadBMP( filename ); // Loads The Bitmap Specified By filename
// Load The Bitmap, Check For Errors, If Bitmap's Not Found Quit
if ( pImage != NULL && pImage->data != NULL ) // If Texture Image Exists
{
glGenTextures(1, &texturem); // Create The Texture
// Typical Texture Generation Using Data From The Bitmap
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturem);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, pImage->sizeX, pImage->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pImage->data);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
free(pImage->data); // Free The Texture Image Memory
free(pImage); // Free The Image Structure
}
return Status;
}
int Texture::LoadGLTextures() // Load Bitmap And Convert To A Texture
{
int Status=FALSE; // Status Indicator
AUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1]; // Create Storage Space For The Textures
memset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *)*1); // Set The Pointer To NULL
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/asphalt.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[0]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/sky.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[1]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/Lightmap_256x256.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[2]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/Loading.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[3]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[3]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/Water.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[4]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[4]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/nebula.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[5]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[5]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("texture/Water2.bmp")) // Load Particle Texture
{
Status=TRUE; // Set The Status To TRUE
glGenTextures(1, &texture[6]); // Create One Texture
// Create MipMapped Texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[6]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}
if (TextureImage[0]) // If Texture Exists
{
if (TextureImage[0]->data) // If Texture Image Exists
{
free(TextureImage[0]->data); // Free The Texture Image Memory
}
free(TextureImage[0]); // Free The Image Structure
}
return Status; // Return The Status
}
3、场景代码块
场景初始化
BOOL CTerrain3DTestView::InitializeOpenGL(CDC* pDC)
{
m_pDC = pDC;
SetupPixelFormat();
//生成绘制描述表
m_hRC = ::wglCreateContext(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc());
//置当前绘制描述表
::wglMakeCurrent(m_pDC->GetSafeHdc(), m_hRC);
return TRUE;
}
绘制界面中的事物的函数
DrawTerrain(); // 绘制地形
DrawSky(); // 绘制天空
if(water)
{
DrawWater(); // 绘制水
}
DrawPlane(); // 绘制飞机及其尾焰
DrawSun(); // 绘制太阳
运行结果
在键盘上按下“L”键就可以改变地形,如图:
程序的不足与改进方向
对窗口化编程的不熟悉,使得该程序功能简单,只是简单的实现了三维动画的演示,以及一些简单的功能。
改进方向:增加程序的功能,美化窗口界面,使其有良好的用户交互感受。