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1、概述
上篇文章《架构设计:负载均衡层设计方案(6)——Nginx + Keepalived构建高可用的负载层》(http://blog.csdn.net/yinwenjie/article/details/47130609) 我们讲解了Nginx的故障切换,并且承诺各位读者会尽快讲解 LVS + Keepalived + Nginx的安装和配置。在中间由于工作的原因,我又插写了三篇关于zookeeper的原理使用的文章。今天这边文章我们回归主题,为各位读者讲解LVS + Keepalived + Nginx的安装及配置。
2、安装计划和准备工作
下图,我们表示了本篇文章要搭建的整个集成架构的抽象结构:
我们采用两个LVS节点(141和142),但是一个时间工作的只有一个LVS节点,另一个始终处于热备standby状态,由keepalived监控这两个节点的工作状态并完成切换。
在LVS节点下,我们采用LVS-DR工作模式挂载了两个Nginx节点(131、132)。并最终将外网请求交由这两个节点进行处理。注意:在实际工作中,Nginx下面一般就是访问静态资源、动态资源的配置了。
2-1、准备两个keepalived节点
首先我们在将要安装LVS的两个节点上,先安装keepalived,并保证这两个keepalived节点能够正常工作(监控批次的状态)。当然,您也可以先准备LVS,在准备keepalived。
我想准备keepalived节点,大家应该轻车熟路了吧,在《架构设计:负载均衡层设计方案(6)——Nginx + Keepalived构建高可用的负载层》这篇文章中详细介绍了keepalived的最简配置方式。为了大家阅读方便,我们在这里再进行依次简要说明。准备keepalived的整个过程包括:
- 安装必要的支撑组件,源码安装keepalived
- 将keepalived注册成节点的服务,以便保证keepalived在节点启动时就开始工作
- 更改keepalived的配置文件,让其可以正常工作
- 验证准备工作
=============安装keepalived
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># yum install -y zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel openssh</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cd keepalived-1.2.17</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./configure --perfix=/usr/keepalived-1.2.17</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># make & make install </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
=============将keepalived注册成服务(如果您使用的默认路径安装,就不需要cp命令了)
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived </span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/keepalived</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># mkdir /etc/keepalived</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 可以做成服务了(不要拷贝,没用的)</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># chkconfig keepalived on</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
做成服务后,先不要急着启动,因为配置文件还没有改好。
========配置keepalived(配置文件在:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf)
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">! <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">File</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> keepalived global_defs { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email {</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># acassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># failover<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># sysadmin<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#}</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_server 192.168.200.1</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_connect_timeout 30</span> router_id <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS_DEVEL</span> } vrrp_instance <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">VI_1</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#141节点设置为MASTER,142或者还有其他的节点设置为BACKUP</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#还记得我们前面文章讲到的无抢占设置吗?这里也可以用哦。</span> state <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MASTER</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#网络适配器名称</span> interface eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> virtual_router_id <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#所有的SLAVE节点的优先级都要比这个设置值低</span> priority <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">120</span> advert_int <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实ip,142要改成相应的lvs节点真实ip</span> mcast_src_ip=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span> authentication { auth_type <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PASS</span> auth_pass <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1111</span> } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟/浮动IP</span> virtual_ipaddress { <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span> } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li></ul>
以上配置还是最简单的keepalived配置,因为我们还没有加上配合LVS使用的虚拟ip监测设置和下层真实ip监测的设置。最简配置主要是为了保证keepalived节点是工作正常的。
将以上的配置分别对应到LVS的两个节点(注意要改动的地方哦)
==========进行keepalived工作状态的检查:
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># /etc/init.d/keepalived start</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
现在设置为MASTER的keepalived节点(或者在非抢占模式下,优先级最高的那个节点),已经绑定了140这个虚拟ip了:
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ip addr</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16436</span> qdisc noqueue <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">state</span> UNKNOWN <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span>/loopback <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span> brd <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span> inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">127.0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span> scope host lo inet6 ::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">128</span> scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>: eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span> qdisc pfifo_fast <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">state</span> UP qlen <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span>/ether <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:0c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">39</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">75</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">24</span> brd <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.255</span> scope global eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">32</span> scope global eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> inet6 fe8<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>ff:fe39:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">759</span>f/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> scope <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>
当然您也可以通过 /var/log/message的日志进行keepalived是否正常工作的验证。
2-2、继续两个keepalived节点上准备LVS
准备lvs的工作就太简单了,因为centos6.4、6.5、6.6都已经集成了LVS的核心,我们只需要安装LVS的管理工具就行了:
两个LVS节点都执行:
<code class="hljs cmake has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">yum -y <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">install</span> ipvsadm</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
还记得lvs管理工具怎么使用吗?请参见我介绍LVS单节点安装的博文:《架构设计:负载均衡层设计方案(5)——LVS单节点安装》。这里为了方便阅读,给出主要参数的含义列表:
<code class="hljs haml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A</span> –add-service 在内核的虚拟服务器表中添加一条新的虚拟服务器记录。也就是增加一台新的虚拟服务器。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">E</span> –edit-service 编辑内核虚拟服务器表中的一条虚拟服务器记录。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">D</span> –delete-service 删除内核虚拟服务器表中的一条虚拟服务器记录。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">C</span> –clear 清除内核虚拟服务器表中的所有记录。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">R</span> –restore 恢复虚拟服务器规则 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">S</span> –save 保存虚拟服务器规则,输出为-<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">R</span> 选项可读的格式 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a –add-server 在内核虚拟服务器表的一条记录里添加一条新的真实服务器记录。也就是在一个虚拟服务器中增加一台新的真实服务器 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">e –edit-server 编辑一条虚拟服务器记录中的某条真实服务器记录 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">d –delete-server 删除一条虚拟服务器记录中的某条真实服务器记录 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">L</span> –list 显示内核虚拟服务器表 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Z</span> –zero 虚拟服务表计数器清零(清空当前的连接数量等) </span>–set tcp tcpfin udp 设置连接超时值 –start-daemon 启动同步守护进程。他后面可以是master 或backup,用来说明LVS Router 是master 或是backup。在这个功能上也可以采用keepalived 的VRRP 功能。 –stop-daemon 停止同步守护进程 -<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">t –tcp-service service-address 说明虚拟服务器提供的是tcp 的服务[<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">vip:</span>port] <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> [real-server-<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ip:</span>port] </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">u –udp-service service-address 说明虚拟服务器提供的是udp 的服务[<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">vip:</span>port] <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> [real-server-<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ip:</span>port] </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">f –fwmark-service fwmark 说明是经过iptables 标记过的服务类型。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">s –scheduler scheduler 使用的调度算法,选项:rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|lblcr|dh|sh|sed|nq, 默认的调度算法是: wlc. </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">p –persistent [timeout] 持久稳固的服务。这个选项的意思是来自同一个客户的多次请求,将被同一台真实的服务器处理。timeout 的默认值为<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">300</span> 秒。 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">M</span> –netmask netmask persistent granularity mask </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">r –real-server server-address 真实的服务器[<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Real</span>-<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Server</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:port</span>] </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">g –gatewaying 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为直接路由模式<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">DR</span>模式(也是<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span>默认的模式) </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">i –ipip 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为隧道模式 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">m –masquerading 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">NAT</span> 模式 </span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">w –weight weight 真实服务器的权值 </span>–mcast-interface interface 指定组播的同步接口 –connection 显示LVS 目前的连接 如:ipvsadm -L -c –timeout 显示tcp tcpfin udp 的timeout 值 如:ipvsadm -L –timeout –daemon 显示同步守护进程状态 –stats 显示统计信息 –rate 显示速率信息 –sort 对虚拟服务器和真实服务器排序输出 –numeric -n 输出IP 地址和端口的数字形式</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>
到后面正式启动LVS的时候,就不要问我参数含义咯。^_^
2-3、准备两个Nginx节点并保证可用
在《架构设计:负载均衡层设计方案(5)——LVS单节点安装》(http://blog.csdn.net/yinwenjie/article/details/47010569) 这篇文章中,我们详细讲解了Nginx节点的准备工作,但是为了方便各位读者阅读,这里我们大致再讲一下。
Nginx节点的准备工作主要由以下步骤构成(这个不是本文的重点,点到即可):
- 安装Nginx(当然,正式系统中,还涉及到Nginx的参数调优,可以参见《架构设计:负载均衡层设计方案(2)——Nginx安装》这篇文章)
- 打开Nginx所在服务器的“路由”功能、关闭“ARP查询”功能
- 将VIP:192.168.220.140 设置成Nginx所在节点的回环IP
=============安装Nginx
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ ssh libtool</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 下载nginx(别拷贝,不能执行的)</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 解压nginx(别拷贝,不能执行的)</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./configure –prefix=/usr/nginx-1.8.0 </span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># make && make install </span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 设置环境变量(别拷贝,不能执行的)</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 启动nginx</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
=============打开Nginx所在服务器的“路由”功能、关闭“ARP查询”功能
<code class="hljs mel has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
=============设置回环IP
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ifconfig lo:0 192.168.220.140 broadcast 192.168.220.140 netmask 255.255.255.255 up</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># route add -host 192.168.220.140 dev lo:0</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
两台Nginx的节点都按照这样的方法去设置。然后使用浏览器,看看这两个节点的Nginx是否工作正常:
=====
2-4、其他说明
keepalived和LVS是天生配合完美的一对,LVS负责进行请求转发不负责任何节点的健康监测;keepalived负责监控整个环境中,包括虚拟ip,真实ip对应的下层节点的健康状态监测。
3、开始配置:LVS-DR工作模式
3-1、keepalived的更改——健康监测
首先我们要更改之前配置的“最简keepalived”配置,让keepalived能够对结构中所有节点和虚拟ip的健康状态进行监测。更改配置和含义如下:
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">! <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">File</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> keepalived global_defs { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email {</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># acassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># failover<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># sysadmin<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#}</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_server 192.168.200.1</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_connect_timeout 30</span> router_id <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS_DEVEL</span> } vrrp_instance <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">VI_1</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#141节点设置为MASTER,142或者还有其他的节点设置为BACKUP</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#还记得我们前面文章讲到的无抢占设置吗?这里也可以用哦。</span> state <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MASTER</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#网络适配器名称</span> interface eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> virtual_router_id <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#所有的SLAVE节点的优先级都要比这个设置值低</span> priority <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">120</span> advert_int <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实ip,142要改成相应的lvs节点真实ip</span> mcast_src_ip=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span> authentication { auth_type <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PASS</span> auth_pass <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1111</span> } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟/浮动IP</span> virtual_ipaddress { <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span> } } virtual_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#健康时间检查,单位秒</span> delay_loop <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#负载均衡调度算法wlc|rr,和您将使用的LVS的调度算法保持原则一致</span> lb_algo rr <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#负载均衡转发规则 DR NAT TUN。和您将启动的LVS的工作模式设置一致</span> lb_kind <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">DR</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟地址的子网掩码</span> nat_mask <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.0</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#会话保持时间,因为我们经常使用的是无状态的集群架构,所以这个设置可有可无</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#persistence_timeout 50</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#转发协议,当然是TCP</span> protocol <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TCP</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实的下层Nginx节点的健康监测</span> real_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.131</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#节点权重,</span> weight <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#设置检查方式,可以设置HTTP_GET | SSL_GET</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">HTTP_GET</span> { url { path / digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#超时时间,秒。如果在这个时间内没有返回,则说明一次监测失败</span> connect_timeout <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#设置多少次监测失败,就认为这个真实节点死掉了</span> nb_get_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#重试间隔</span> delay_before_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> } } real_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.132</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> { weight <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">HTTP_GET</span> { url { path / digest <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">640205</span>b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d } connect_timeout <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> nb_get_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> delay_before_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> } } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li></ul>
这样一来,keepalived就可以检查整个架构中的所有节点状态了。另外要说明的是,这个检查过程并不是必须的,您使用keepalived的最简配置也是可以的,不过您就需要自己写监测脚本了(道理是一样的)。
3-2、启动两个LVS节点
启动LVS的过程就太简单了(两个节点都是一样的启动方式):
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -C</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -At 192.168.220.140:80 -s rr </span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -at 192.168.220.140:80 -r 192.168.220.131 -g</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -at 192.168.220.140:80 -r 192.168.220.132 -g</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 然后我们可以使用ipvsadm 监控目前LVS的状态</span> [root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
注意:处于standby的lvs1节点也要这样进行设置。
还有,以上的LVS的设置,和real server上的设置,在重启后都会消失,所以一定要做成脚本哦。
4、验证工作
这样LVS + Keepalived + Nginx方式的配置就做完了。现在我们进行搭建效果的监测:
4-1、验证Master-LVS节点的工作
我们使用两个不同的浏览器,验证Master-LVS节点的工作:
=========浏览器1:
=========浏览器2:
看来140这个VIP下的LVS工作是正常的。
4-2、验证Master-LVS节点停止后的效果
下面我们停止Master-LVS1:
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># service keepalived stop</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
在经历了一些访问停顿后,浏览器1显示的效果如下(这就是为什么keepalived最好设置为非抢占模式):
5、后文介绍
好了,到这里负载均衡层所使用的几个标准工具就介绍完了。下一篇文章我们将进行总结,然后进入架构设计:业务层设计方案 的系列文章。在下一个系列文章中,我们将介绍至少两套SOA的实现、至少两套系统间通信使用的消息队列。哦,应我朋友的要求,我会专门写几篇文章,介绍java中线程的基础知识和进阶知识。