python dict.keys()时间复杂度

python2中，dict.keys()的时间复杂度是O(n)

python3中，dict.keys()的时间复杂度是O(1)--python3待验证

以下是python2的代码及运行结果

import time

num = 10000

dic = {}
for i in range(num):
    dic[i] = i

start = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
    res1 = dic.keys()
end = time.time()
print end - start

start = time.time()
for i in range(10000):
    res2 = dic[0]
end = time.time()
print end - start

0.465742111206
0.000839948654175

 

dict.keys()操作的耗时远远高于从dict中取某一元素的耗时