Servlet Session 跟踪
HTTP 是一种"无状态"协议,这意味着每次客户端检索网页时,客户端打开一个单独的连接到 Web 服务器,服务器会自动不保留之前客户端请求的任何记录。
- Servlet 还提供了 HttpSession 接口,该接口提供了一种跨多个页面请求或访问网站时识别用户以及存储有关用户信息的方式。
- Servlet 容器使用这个接口来创建一个 HTTP 客户端和 HTTP 服务器之间的 session会话。会话持续一个指定的时间段,跨多个连接或页面请求。 通过调用 HttpServletRequest 的公共方法
- getSession() 来获取 HttpSession 对象
web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<filter>
<filter-name>logFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>logFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>site</param-name>
<param-value>zhanghw</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>logFilter</filter-name>
<!--过滤器适用于所有的 Servlet,因为我们在配置中指定 /*-->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>myServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloworld</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sessionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>sessionServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sessionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloworld/sessionServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
sessionServlet 类配置
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@WebServlet(name = "sessionServlet")
public class sessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 如果不存在 session 会话,则创建一个 session 对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
// 获取 session 创建时间
Date createTime = new Date(session.getCreationTime());
// 获取该网页的最后一次访问时间
Date lastAccessTime = new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime());
//设置日期输出的格式
SimpleDateFormat df=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String title = "Servlet Session 实例";
Integer visitCount = new Integer(0);
String visitCountKey = new String("visitCount");
String userIDKey = new String("userID");
String userID = new String("Runoob");
if(session.getAttribute(visitCountKey) == null) {
session.setAttribute(visitCountKey, new Integer(0));
}
// 检查网页上是否有新的访问者
if (session.isNew()){
title = "Servlet Session 实例";
session.setAttribute(userIDKey, userID);
} else {
visitCount = (Integer)session.getAttribute(visitCountKey);
visitCount = visitCount + 1;
userID = (String)session.getAttribute(userIDKey);
}
session.setAttribute(visitCountKey, visitCount);
// 设置响应内容类型
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n";
out.println(docType +
"<html>\n" +
"<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
"<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
"<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n" +
"<h2 align=\"center\">Session 信息</h2>\n" +
"<table border=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n" +
"<tr bgcolor=\"#949494\">\n" +
" <th>Session 信息</th><th>值</th></tr>\n" +
"<tr>\n" +
" <td>id</td>\n" +
" <td>" + session.getId() + "</td></tr>\n" +
"<tr>\n" +
" <td>创建时间</td>\n" +
" <td>" + df.format(createTime) +
" </td></tr>\n" +
"<tr>\n" +
" <td>最后访问时间</td>\n" +
" <td>" + df.format(lastAccessTime) +
" </td></tr>\n" +
"<tr>\n" +
" <td>用户 ID</td>\n" +
" <td>" + userID +
" </td></tr>\n" +
"<tr>\n" +
" <td>访问统计:</td>\n" +
" <td>" + visitCount + "</td></tr>\n" +
"</table>\n" +
"</body></html>");
}
}
测试