locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);//地理位置获取为null的解决方案

方案一：没有加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

方案二：（完整代码）

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private LocationManager locationManager;
    private String locationProvider;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(getApplicationContext().LOCATION_SERVICE);
        //下面注释的代码获取的location为null，所以采用Criteria的方式。
        /*List<String> providers = locationManager.getProviders(true);
        if (providers.contains(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
            //如果是GPS
            locationProvider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: gps=" + locationProvider);
        } else if (providers.contains(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
            //如果是Network
            locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: network=" + locationProvider);
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: 没有可用的位置提供器");
            Toast.makeText(this,"没有可用的位置提供器",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        //获取Location，老是获取为空！所以用locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
        Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
        */
        Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
        criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//低精度，如果设置为高精度，依然获取不了location。
        criteria.setAltitudeRequired(false);//不要求海拔
        criteria.setBearingRequired(false);//不要求方位
        criteria.setCostAllowed(true);//允许有花费
        criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//低功耗

        //从可用的位置提供器中，匹配以上标准的最佳提供器
        locationProvider = locationManager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: 没有权限 ");
            return;
        }
        Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: " + (location == null) + "..");
        if (location != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: location");
            //不为空,显示地理位置经纬度
            showLocation(location);
        }
        //监视地理位置变化
        locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 0, 0, locationListener);
    }

    /**
     * LocationListern监听器
     * 参数：地理位置提供器、监听位置变化的时间间隔、位置变化的距离间隔、LocationListener监听器
     */

    LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {

        @Override
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle arg2) {

        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onProviderEnabled: " + provider + ".." + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onProviderDisabled: " + provider + ".." + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }

        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onLocationChanged: " + ".." + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            //如果位置发生变化,重新显示
            showLocation(location);
        }
    };

    private void showLocation(Location location) {
        Log.d(TAG,"定位成功------->"+"location------>经度为：" + location.getLatitude() + "\n纬度为" + location.getLongitude());
    }
}