Java设计模式：工厂方法模式（Factory Method Pattern）

定义

工厂方法模式定义了一个创建对象的接口，但由子类决定要实例化的类是哪一个。工厂方法让类把实例推迟到子类。

UML类图

说明

Prouduct：所有的产品都必须实现这个共同的接口，并实现多态

Creator：它是一个类，实现了所有操纵产品的方法，但不实现工厂方法，并且所有的它的子类都必须实现这个抽象的factoryMethod()方法。

ConcreteCreator：它必须实现factoryMethod(),以实际制造出产品，并且它负责创建一个或多个具体产品，只有ConcreteCreator类知道如何创建这些产品。

事例

上一次的简单工厂，以一个披萨店为例；这里同样如此，说明它如何从一个简单工厂扩展为工厂方法模式；

这里，披萨店要开分店

纽约披萨店：奶酪、蛤蜊、意式辣肠、蔬菜等类型的披萨

芝加哥披萨店：奶酪、蛤蜊、意式辣肠、蔬菜等类型的披萨

两种店都供应这些披萨，但同种名称的披萨的细节却不同，每家店都供应其独特的披萨。

UML类图

代码

Pizza.java 抽象类，披萨超类

package com.jing.factory;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public abstract class Pizza {

	String name; // 名字
	String dough;// 面包
	String sauce;// 酱料

	// 佐料
	ArrayList<String> topping = new ArrayList<String>();

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void prepare() {
		System.out.println("Preparing " + name);
	}

	public void bake() {
		System.out.println("Baking " + name);
	}

	public void cut() {
		System.out.println("Cutting " + name);
	}

	public void box() {
		System.out.println("Boxing " + name);
	}

	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer display = new StringBuffer();
		display.append("---- " + name + " ---------\n");
		display.append(dough + "\n");
		display.append(sauce + "\n");

		for (int i = 0; i < topping.size(); ++i) {
			display.append((String) topping.get(i) + "\n");
		}

		return display.toString();
	}

}

ChicagoStyleCheesePizza.java 芝加哥风格的奶酪披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class ChicagoStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza {

	public ChicagoStyleCheesePizza() {
		name = "Chiacago Cheese Pizza"; // 奶酪 披萨
		dough = "Regular Crust"; // 普通的披萨饼皮
		sauce = "Marinara Pizza Sauce"; // 蕃茄酱，沙司

		topping.add("Fresh Mozzarella");// 新鲜的马苏里拉奶酪
		topping.add("Parmesan");// 芝士
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices");
	}
}

ChicagoStyleClamPizza.java 芝加哥风格的蛤蜊披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class ChicagoStyleClamPizza extends Pizza {

	public ChicagoStyleClamPizza(){
		name = "Chiacago Clam Pizza";//蛤蜊
		dough = "Thin crust";// 薄的面皮
		sauce = "White garlic sauce";//白的蒜酱
		
		topping.add("Clams");
		topping.add("Grated Parmesan cheese");// 巴马干酪
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices");
	}
}

ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza.java 芝加哥风格意式辣肠

package com.jing.factory;

public class ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza extends Pizza {

	public ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza(){
		name = "Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza";//意大利辣肠
		dough = "Curst";// 面皮
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";// 蕃茄酱
		
		topping.add("Sliced Pepperoni");// 切片辣肠
		topping.add("Sliced Onion");    // 切片洋葱
		topping.add("Grated parmesan cheese");//芝士奶酪
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices");
	}
	
}

ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza.java 芝加哥风格的蔬菜披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza {

	public ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza(){
		name = "Chiacago Veggie Pizza"; // 蔬菜
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";// 蕃茄酱
		
		topping.add("Shredded mozzaredlla");// 意大利干酪
		topping.add("Grated parmesan");// 芝士
		topping.add("Diced onion");// 切丁洋葱
		topping.add("Sliced mushrooms");//切片蘑菇
		topping.add("Sliced red pepper");//切片红花椒
		topping.add("Sliced black olives");//橄榄
		
	}
	
	public void cut(){
		System.out.println("Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices");
	}
}

NYStyleCheesePizza.java 纽约风格的奶酪披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class NYStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza {

	public NYStyleCheesePizza() {
		name = "NY Cheese Pizza"; // 奶酪 披萨
		dough = "Regular Crust"; // 普通的披萨饼皮
		sauce = "Marinara Pizza Sauce"; // 蕃茄酱，沙司

		topping.add("Fresh Mozzarella");// 新鲜的马苏里拉奶酪
		topping.add("Parmesan");// 芝士
	}
}

NYStyleClamPizza.java 纽约风格的蛤蜊披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class NYStyleClamPizza extends Pizza {

	public NYStyleClamPizza(){
		name = "NY Clam Pizza";//蛤蜊
		dough = "Thin crust";// 薄的面皮
		sauce = "White garlic sauce";//白的蒜酱
		
		topping.add("Clams");
		topping.add("Grated Parmesan cheese");// 巴马干酪
	}
}

NYStylePepperoniPizza.java 纽约风格的意式辣肠披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class NYStylePepperoniPizza extends Pizza {

	public NYStylePepperoniPizza(){
		name = "NY Pepperoni Pizza";//意大利辣肠
		dough = "Curst";// 面皮
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";// 蕃茄酱
		
		topping.add("Sliced Pepperoni");// 切片辣肠
		topping.add("Sliced Onion");    // 切片洋葱
		topping.add("Grated parmesan cheese");//芝士奶酪
	}
	
}

NYStyleVeggiePizza.java 纽约风格的蔬菜披萨

package com.jing.factory;

public class NYStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza {

	public NYStyleVeggiePizza(){
		name = "NY Veggie Pizza"; // 蔬菜
		dough = "Crust";
		sauce = "Marinara sauce";// 蕃茄酱
		
		topping.add("Shredded mozzaredlla");// 意大利干酪
		topping.add("Grated parmesan");// 芝士
		topping.add("Diced onion");// 切丁洋葱
		topping.add("Sliced mushrooms");//切片蘑菇
		topping.add("Sliced red pepper");//切片红花椒
		topping.add("Sliced black olives");//橄榄
		
	}
	
}

PizzaStore.java 披萨店抽象超类

package com.jing.factory;

//public class PizzaStore {
//改成抽象类
public abstract class PizzaStore {
//	SimplePizzaFactory factory;
//	
//	public PizzaStore(SimplePizzaFactory factory){
//		this.factory = factory;
//	}

	abstract Pizza createPizza(String type);
	
	public Pizza orderPizza(String type){
//		pizza = factory.createPizza(type);
		Pizza pizza = createPizza(type);
		System.out.println("------- Making a " + pizza.getName()+ " --------- ");
		
		pizza.prepare();
		pizza.bake();
		pizza.cut();
		pizza.box();
		
		return pizza;
	}
}

ChicagoPizzaStore.java 芝加哥披萨店

package com.jing.factory;

public class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore{

	public Pizza createPizza(String type){
		
		Pizza pizza = null;
		
		if (type.equals("cheese")){
			pizza = new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
		} else if (type.equals("pepperoni")){
			pizza = new ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza();
		} else if (type.equals("clam")){
			pizza = new ChicagoStyleClamPizza();
		} else if (type.equals("veggie")){
			pizza = new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza();
		}
		
		return pizza;
	}
}

NYPizzaStore.java 纽约披萨店

package com.jing.factory;

public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore {

	public Pizza createPizza(String type){
		
		Pizza pizza = null;
		
		if (type.equals("cheese")){
			pizza = new NYStyleCheesePizza();
		} else if (type.equals("pepperoni")){
			pizza = new NYStylePepperoniPizza();
		} else if (type.equals("clam")){
			pizza = new NYStyleClamPizza();
		} else if (type.equals("veggie")){
			pizza = new NYStyleVeggiePizza();
		}
		
		return pizza;
	}
}

Test.java 测试类

package com.jing.factory;

public class Test {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		
		
		// 纽约披萨店
		PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
		// 芝加哥披萨店
		PizzaStore chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();
		
		Pizza pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("cheese");
		System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("cheese");
		System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		
		pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("clam");
		System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("clam");
		System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		
		pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
		System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
		System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		
		pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("veggie");
		System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
		pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("veggie");
		System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

	}
}

输出

------- Making a NY Cheese Pizza --------- 
Preparing NY Cheese Pizza
Baking NY Cheese Pizza
Cutting NY Cheese Pizza
Boxing NY Cheese Pizza
Ethan ordered a NY Cheese Pizza

------- Making a Chiacago Cheese Pizza --------- 
Preparing Chiacago Cheese Pizza
Baking Chiacago Cheese Pizza
Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices
Boxing Chiacago Cheese Pizza
Joel ordered a Chiacago Cheese Pizza

------- Making a NY Clam Pizza --------- 
Preparing NY Clam Pizza
Baking NY Clam Pizza
Cutting NY Clam Pizza
Boxing NY Clam Pizza
Ethan ordered a NY Clam Pizza

------- Making a Chiacago Clam Pizza --------- 
Preparing Chiacago Clam Pizza
Baking Chiacago Clam Pizza
Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices
Boxing Chiacago Clam Pizza
Joel ordered a Chiacago Clam Pizza

------- Making a NY Pepperoni Pizza --------- 
Preparing NY Pepperoni Pizza
Baking NY Pepperoni Pizza
Cutting NY Pepperoni Pizza
Boxing NY Pepperoni Pizza
Ethan ordered a NY Pepperoni Pizza

------- Making a Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza --------- 
Preparing Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza
Baking Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza
Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices
Boxing Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza
Joel ordered a Chiacago Pepperoni Pizza

------- Making a NY Veggie Pizza --------- 
Preparing NY Veggie Pizza
Baking NY Veggie Pizza
Cutting NY Veggie Pizza
Boxing NY Veggie Pizza
Ethan ordered a NY Veggie Pizza

------- Making a Chiacago Veggie Pizza --------- 
Preparing Chiacago Veggie Pizza
Baking Chiacago Veggie Pizza
Chicago cutting the pizza into square slices
Boxing Chiacago Veggie Pizza
Joel ordered a Chiacago Veggie Pizza