设计模式 -- 建造者模式_建造者模式下创建对象性能空间-CSDN博客

参考：http://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/builder-pattern.html
源码下载：https://github.com/gpqhl0071/pattern.git
建造者模式（Builder Pattern）使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象。这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式，它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。

事例

我们假设一个快餐店的商业案例，其中，一个典型的套餐可以是一个汉堡（Burger）和一杯冷饮（Cold drink）。汉堡（Burger）可以是素食汉堡（Veg Burger）或鸡肉汉堡（Chicken Burger），它们是包在纸盒中。冷饮（Cold drink）可以是可口可乐（coke）或百事可乐（pepsi），它们是装在瓶子中。
我们将创建一个表示食物条目（比如汉堡和冷饮）的 Item 接口和实现 Item 接口的实体类，以及一个表示食物包装的 Packing 接口和实现 Packing 接口的实体类，汉堡是包在纸盒中，冷饮是装在瓶子中。

这里写图片描述
NO1：定义接口，提供方法获取此功能需要的属性，食品名称、价钱’包装方式
NO2：实现NO1接口，2个抽象类汉堡和饮料
NO4：定义包装方式接口。
NO3：实现NO4接口，2个实现类塑料袋包装和瓶子包装，提供给NO2使用
NO5：继承NO2接口，4个对象分别蔬菜汉堡、鸡肉汉堡、可乐、冷饮
NO6：输出NO1接口中的属性
NO7：构建套餐，蔬菜套餐，非蔬菜套餐
用户通过NO7获取到套餐，通过NO6输出套餐内容

优点： 1、建造者独立，易扩展。 2、便于控制细节风险。
缺点： 1、产品必须有共同点，范围有限制。 2、如内部变化复杂，会有很多的建造类。
使用场景： 1、需要生成的对象具有复杂的内部结构。 2、需要生成的对象内部属性本身相互依赖。

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder;

public interface Item {
    public String name();

    public Packing packing();

    public float price();
}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder;

public interface Packing {
    public String pack();
}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.core;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.pattern.builder.Item;

public class Meal {
    private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();

    public void addItem(Item item) {
        items.add(item);
    }

    public float getCost() {
        float cost = 0.0f;
        for (Item item : items) {
            cost += item.price();
        }
        return cost;
    }

    public void showItems() {
        for (Item item : items) {
            System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
            System.out.print(", Packing : " + item.packing().pack());
            System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
        }
    }
}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.core;

import com.pattern.builder.impl.ChickenBurger;
import com.pattern.builder.impl.Coke;
import com.pattern.builder.impl.Pepsi;
import com.pattern.builder.impl.VegBurger;

public class MealBuilder {
    public Meal prepareVegMeal() {
        Meal meal = new Meal();
        meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
        meal.addItem(new Coke());
        return meal;
    }

    public Meal prepareNonVegMeal() {
        Meal meal = new Meal();
        meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
        meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
        return meal;
    }
}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.item.impl.Burger;

public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 50.5f;
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Chicken Burger";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.item.impl.ColdDrink;

public class Coke extends ColdDrink {

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 30.0f;
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Coke";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.item.impl.ColdDrink;

public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 35.0f;
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Pepsi";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.item.impl.Burger;

public class VegBurger extends Burger {

    @Override
    public float price() {
        return 25.0f;
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "Veg Burger";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.item.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.Item;
import com.pattern.builder.Packing;
import com.pattern.builder.packing.impl.Wrapper;

public abstract class Burger implements Item {
    @Override
    public Packing packing() {
        return new Wrapper();
    }

    @Override
    public abstract float price();
}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.item.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.Item;
import com.pattern.builder.Packing;
import com.pattern.builder.packing.impl.Bottle;

public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {

    @Override
    public Packing packing() {
        return new Bottle();
    }

    @Override
    public abstract float price();

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.packing.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.Packing;

public class Bottle implements Packing {

    @Override
    public String pack() {
        return "Bottle";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.packing.impl;

import com.pattern.builder.Packing;

public class Wrapper implements Packing {

    @Override
    public String pack() {
        return "Wrapper";
    }

}

/*
*Copyright (c) 2016, gp.inc and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
package com.pattern.builder.test;

import com.pattern.builder.core.Meal;
import com.pattern.builder.core.MealBuilder;

public class BuilderPatternDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();

        Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
        System.out.println("Veg Meal");
        vegMeal.showItems();
        System.out.println("Total Cost: " + vegMeal.getCost());

        Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
        System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
        nonVegMeal.showItems();
        System.out.println("Total Cost: " + nonVegMeal.getCost());
    }
}

运行结果

Veg Meal
Item : Veg Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 25.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 30.0
Total Cost: 55.0


Non-Veg Meal
Item : Chicken Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 50.5
Item : Pepsi, Packing : Bottle, Price : 35.0
Total Cost: 85.5