在项目中,发送邮件是一件不可或缺且非常必要的事情。俗话说三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮,针对我们自己开发的程序,由于见识方面,只是方面或某些方面不足的原因,可能使我们的系统存在一些不易察觉的bug,因此邮件的出现可以使使用者将问题反馈给我们,帮助我们进一步完善,这样才能使得我们的系统更加的完善可靠。所以说邮件是系统不可或缺的一部分。那么在程序中又该如何实现呢?请看下面:
实现java发送邮件的过程大体有以下几步:
- 准备一个properties文件,该文件中存放SMTP服务器地址等参数。
- 利用properties创建一个Session对象
- 利用Session创建Message对象,然后设置邮件主题和正文
- 利用Transport对象发送邮件
需要的jar包有2个:activation.jar和mail.jar,其maven依赖如下:
<
dependency
>
<groupId>activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2</version>
</dependency>
具体实现如下:
1)在根目录下面添加 MailServer.properties 属性文件:
#------------\u8FD9\u4E24\u4E2A\u662F\u6784\u5EFAsession\u5FC5\u987B\u7684\u5B57\u6BB5------
#smtp\u670D\u52A1\u5668mail.smtp.host=smtp.qq.com#\u8EAB\u4EFD\u9A8C\u8BC1mail.smtp.auth=true#--------------------------------------------------------------#\u53D1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u90AE\u7BB1\u7528\u6237\u540Dmail.sender.username=317353905@qq.com#\u53D1\u9001\u8005\u7684\u90AE\u7BB1\u5BC6\u7801mail.sender.password=......
2)不带附件的发送,JavaMail.java:
public class JavaMail {/*** Message对象将存储我们实际发送的电子邮件信息,* Message对象被作为一个MimeMessage对象来创建并且需要知道应当选择哪一个JavaMail session。*/private MimeMessage message;/*** Session类代表JavaMail中的一个邮件会话。* 每一个基于JavaMail的应用程序至少有一个Session(可以有任意多的Session)。** JavaMail需要Properties来创建一个session对象。* 寻找"mail.smtp.host" 属性值就是发送邮件的主机* 寻找"mail.smtp.auth" 身份验证,目前免费邮件服务器都需要这一项*/private Session session;/**** 邮件是既可以被发送也可以被受到。JavaMail使用了两个不同的类来完成这两个功能:Transport 和 Store。* Transport 是用来发送信息的,而Store用来收信。对于这的教程我们只需要用到Transport对象。*/private Transport transport;private String mailHost="";private String sender_username="";private String sender_password="";private Properties properties = new Properties();/** 初始化方法*/public JavaMail(boolean debug) {InputStream in = JavaMail.class.getResourceAsStream("/MailServer.properties");try {properties.load(in);this.mailHost = properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.host");this.sender_username = properties.getProperty("mail.sender.username");this.sender_password = properties.getProperty("mail.sender.password");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}session = Session.getInstance(properties);session.setDebug(debug);//开启后有调试信息message = new MimeMessage(session);}/*** 发送邮件** @param subject* 邮件主题* @param sendHtml* 邮件内容* @param receiveUser* 收件人地址*/public void doSendHtmlEmail(String subject, String sendHtml,String receiveUser) {try {// 发件人//InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(sender_username);// 下面这个是设置发送人的Nick name// InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(MimeUtility.encodeWord("幻影")+" <"+sender_username+">");InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(" <"+sender_username+">");message.setFrom(from);// 收件人InternetAddress to = new InternetAddress(receiveUser);message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);//还可以有CC、BCC// 邮件主题message.setSubject(subject);String content = sendHtml.toString();// 邮件内容,也可以使纯文本"text/plain"message.setContent(content, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 保存邮件message.saveChanges();transport = session.getTransport("smtp");// smtp验证,就是你用来发邮件的邮箱用户名密码transport.connect(mailHost, sender_username, sender_password);// 发送transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());//System.out.println("send success!");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {if(transport!=null){try {transport.close();} catch (MessagingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}public static void main(String[] args) {JavaMail se = new JavaMail(false);se.doSendHtmlEmail("邮件主题--请假", "邮件内容--nihao", "317353905@qq.com");}}
3)带附件的发送:
public class JavaMailWithAttachment {private MimeMessage message;private Session session;private Transport transport;private String mailHost = "";private String sender_username = "";private String sender_password = "";private Properties properties = new Properties();/** 初始化方法*/public JavaMailWithAttachment(boolean debug) {InputStream in = JavaMailWithAttachment.class.getResourceAsStream("/MailServer.properties");try {properties.load(in);this.mailHost = properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.host");this.sender_username = properties.getProperty("mail.sender.username");this.sender_password = properties.getProperty("mail.sender.password");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}session = Session.getInstance(properties);session.setDebug(debug);// 开启后有调试信息message = new MimeMessage(session);}/*** 发送邮件** @param subject* 邮件主题* @param sendHtml* 邮件内容* @param receiveUser* 收件人地址* @param attachment* 附件*/public void doSendHtmlEmail(String subject, String sendHtml, String receiveUser, File attachment) {try {// 发件人InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(sender_username);message.setFrom(from);// 收件人InternetAddress to = new InternetAddress(receiveUser);message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);// 邮件主题message.setSubject(subject);// 向multipart对象中添加邮件的各个部分内容,包括文本内容和附件Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();// 添加邮件正文BodyPart contentPart = new MimeBodyPart();contentPart.setContent(sendHtml, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");multipart.addBodyPart(contentPart);// 添加附件的内容if (attachment != null) {BodyPart attachmentBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();DataSource source = new FileDataSource(attachment);attachmentBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));// 网上流传的解决文件名乱码的方法,其实用MimeUtility.encodeWord就可以很方便的搞定// 这里很重要,通过下面的Base64编码的转换可以保证你的中文附件标题名在发送时不会变成乱码//sun.misc.BASE64Encoder enc = new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder();//messageBodyPart.setFileName("=?GBK?B?" + enc.encode(attachment.getName().getBytes()) + "?=");//MimeUtility.encodeWord可以避免文件名乱码attachmentBodyPart.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeWord(attachment.getName()));multipart.addBodyPart(attachmentBodyPart);}// 将multipart对象放到message中message.setContent(multipart);// 保存邮件message.saveChanges();transport = session.getTransport("smtp");// smtp验证,就是你用来发邮件的邮箱用户名密码transport.connect(mailHost, sender_username, sender_password);// 发送transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());System.out.println("send success!");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (transport != null) {try {transport.close();} catch (MessagingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}public static void main(String[] args) {JavaMailWithAttachment se = new JavaMailWithAttachment(true);File affix = new File("c:\\Users\\\\liujie\\Desktop\\问题.txt");se.doSendHtmlEmail("邮件主题--回家", "邮件内容--开心", "317353905@qq.com", affix);//}}