【Java】Servlet中的Request对象

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-10 19:41:32 发布

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request对象和response对象的原理

1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息

在这里插入图片描述

request对象继承体系结构

	ServletRequest		--	接口
		|	继承
	HttpServletRequest	-- 接口
		|	实现
	org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)

request功能1：获取请求消息数据

1. 获取请求行数据
			* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
			* 方法：
				1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
					* String getMethod()  
				2. (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
					* String getContextPath()
				3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
					* String getServletPath()
				4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
					* String getQueryString()
				5. (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
					* String getRequestURI():		/day14/demo1
					* StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/day14/demo1

					* URL:统一资源定位符 ： http://localhost/day14/demo1	中华人民共和国
					* URI：统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1					共和国
				
				6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
					* String getProtocol()

				7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
					* String getRemoteAddr()

示例代码

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 演示Request对象获取请求行数据
 */

@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
            1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
                * String getMethod()
            2. (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
                * String getContextPath()
            3. 获取Servlet路径: /requestDemo1
                * String getServletPath()
            4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
                * String getQueryString()
            5. (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
                * String getRequestURI():		/day14/requestDemo1
                * StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/day14/requestDemo1
            6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
                * String getProtocol()

            7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
                * String getRemoteAddr()

         */
        //1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.(*重点)获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);
        //4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //5.(*重点)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        System.out.println(requestURL);
        //6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);
        //7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
    }
}

2. 获取请求头数据
			* 方法：
				* (*重点)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
				* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

获取所有请求头名称

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据
        
        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }
    }
}

获取请求头数据:user-agent

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据:user-agent

        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断agent的浏览器版本
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
            //谷歌
            System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
        }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
            //火狐
            System.out.println("火狐来了...");
        }

    }
}

防止盗链示例代码

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据:referer

        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html

        //防盗链
        if(referer != null ){
            if(referer.contains("/day14")){
                //正常访问
               // System.out.println("播放电影....");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
            }else{
                //盗链
                //System.out.println("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
            }
        }

    }
}

防止盗链前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/demo3" method="POST">  <!-- 这个表单不用点-->
        <input name="username">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">

    </form>
<hr>

<a href="/day14/requestDemo4">demo4...</a>  <!-- 点这个链接-->

</body>
</html>

3. 获取请求体数据:
			* 请求体：只有POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
			* 步骤：
				1. 获取流对象
					*  BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据
					*  ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据
						* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
				2. 再从流对象中拿数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求消息体--请求参数

        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>

    <form action="/day14/requestDemo5" method="post">
        <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
        <input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">

    </form>

</body>
</html>

## request其他功能（重点掌握）

2. 其他功能：
		1. 获取请求参数通用方式：不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
			1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值    username=zs&password=123
			2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组  hobby=xx&hobby=game
			3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
			4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

			* 中文乱码问题：
				* get方式：tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
				* post方式：会乱码
					* 解决：在获取参数前，设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

demo6与demo7的前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/day14/requestDemo7" method="post">
        <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
        <input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>

        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
        <br>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post 获取请求参数

        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");   //只能获取到1个参数
       /* System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(username);*/

       //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");   //获取前端标签name为hobby的值，一般为复选框
        /*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/

        //获取所有请求的参数名称

        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }*/

        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }

            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //get 获取请求参数
/*
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("get");
        System.out.println(username);*/

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

注意对于复选框，getParameter只能获得一个参数，前端的标签name=hobby有两个选项，一个为game，一个对study。但getParameter方法只获得第一个在这里插入图片描述
防止中文乱码


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置流的编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        //获取请求参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

		2. 请求转发：一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
			1. 步骤：
				1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
				2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) 

			2. 特点：
				1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
				2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
				3. 转发是一次请求
		3. 共享数据：
			* 域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据
			* request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
			* 方法：
				1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
				2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
				3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

在这里插入图片描述

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo8888被访问了。。。");
        //转发到demo9资源
/*
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
        requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
        */

        //存储数据到request域中
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("http://www.itcast.cn").forward(request,response);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

        System.out.println("demo9999被访问了。。。");

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

	4. 获取ServletContext：
			* ServletContext getServletContext()

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/requestDemo10")
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {


        ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(servletContext);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

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【Java】Servlet中的Request对象

request对象和response对象的原理1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们2. request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息request对象继承体系结构 ServletRequest -- 接口 | 继承 HttpServletRequest -- 接口 | 实现 org.apache.catal...
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