一 canal的扫盲
1.1 canal的介绍
canal是阿里巴巴旗下的一款开源项目,使用java语言进行开发,基于数据库增量日志解析,提供增量数据订阅与消费的功能。是一款很好用的数据库同步工具。目前只支持mysql。
二 canal的搭建
2.1 架构流程
2.2 配置服务器mysql
canal的原理是基于mysql binlog技术,所以,这里一定要开启mysql的binlog写入的功能。
1.开启mysql服务:service mysqld start 或 service mysql start
2.检测binlog功能是否开启,如果是off,则没有开启,如果是on表示开启
show variables like 'log_bin';
3.如果binlog的显示为off,则修改配置文件 my.cnf 进行配置开启
vi /etc/my.cnf
# set zhucongfuzhi
server_id = 86 # 设置服务器编号
log_bin = master-bin # 启用二进制日志,并设置二进制日志文件前缀
expire_logs_days=7 #自动清理 7 天前的log文件,可根据需要修改
binlog_format=ROW #选择row模式
4.重启mysql数据库
切换到 mysql的 隶属用户:hd-mysql
[root@localhost local]# su hd-mysql
[hd-mysql@localhost etc]$ service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
重启后,再查看binlog的值,为on,则表示已经开启了。
5.创建远程访问用户,并授权访问
进入mysql的命令模式:
create user 'canal'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'boc123'
grant all on *.* to 'canal'@'%'
flush privileges;
mysql> create user 'canal'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'boc123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'canal'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
2.3 配置安装canal同步工具
1.软件包下载地址
Releases · alibaba/canal · GitHub
2.上传软件包到服务器
3.解压并修改配置文件
将软件安装到:/usr/local/ 目录下 ,完整路径为 /usr/local/canal 这个目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p canal
[root@localhost local]# cd canal/
[root@localhost canal]# ls
[root@localhost canal]# pwd
/usr/local/canal
[root@localhost canal]# tar -zxvf /root/export/servers/canal.deployer-1.1.6.tar.gz -C .
bin/startup.bat
bin/restart.sh
bin/startup.sh
bin/stop.sh
conf/metrics/
conf/example/
4.修改配置文件
vi conf/example/instance.properties
[root@localhost example]# pwd
/usr/local/canal/conf/example
[root@localhost example]# vi instance.properties
修改内容如下
mysql 数据解析关注的表,Perl正则表达式.
多个正则之间以逗号(,)分隔,转义符需要双斜杠(\\)
常见例子:
1. 所有表:.* or .*\\..*
2. canal schema下所有表: canal\\..*
3. canal下的以canal打头的表:canal\\.canal.*
4. canal schema(这里的canal是数据库的名字,test1 为表名)下的一张表:canal.test1
5. 多个规则组合使用:canal\\..*,mysql.test1,mysql.test2 (逗号分隔)
注意:此过滤条件只针对row模式的数据有效(ps. mixed/statement因为不解析sql,所以无法准确提取tableName进行过滤)
3.进入bin目录下启动
1.进入到安装目录: /usr/local/canal
2.启动命令: sh bin/startup.sh
[root@localhost canal]# ./bin/startup.sh
cd to /usr/local/canal/bin for workaround relative path
LOG CONFIGURATION : /usr/local/canal/bin/../conf/logback.xml
canal conf : /usr/local/canal/bin/../conf/canal.properties
截图如下
2.4 关闭防火墙
2.5 编写接收java程序
1.项目结构
2.pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ljf</groupId>
<artifactId>canal-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>canal-demo</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
<artifactId>canal.client</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
</build>
</project>
3.配置文件
# 服务端口
server.port=10010
# 服务名
spring.application.name=canal-client-t14
# 环境设置:dev、test、prod
spring.profiles.active=dev
# mysql数据库连接
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xx_db?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=cloudiip
4.处理类
package com.ljf.canal;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.*;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
@Component
public class CanalClient {
//sql队列
private Queue<String> SQL_QUEUE = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
@Resource
private DataSource dataSource;
/**
* canal入库方法
*/
public void run() {
CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.152.141",
11111), "example", "canal", "boc123");
int batchSize = 1000;
try {
connector.connect();
connector.subscribe(".*\\..*");
connector.rollback();
try {
while (true) {
//尝试从master那边拉去数据batchSize条记录,有多少取多少
Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(batchSize);
long batchId = message.getId();
int size = message.getEntries().size();
if (batchId == -1 || size == 0) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} else {
dataHandle(message.getEntries());
}
connector.ack(batchId);
//当队列里面堆积的sql大于一定数值的时候就模拟执行
if (SQL_QUEUE.size() >= 1) {
executeQueueSql();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} finally {
connector.disconnect();
}
}
/**
* 模拟执行队列里面的sql语句
*/
public void executeQueueSql() {
int size = SQL_QUEUE.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
String sql = SQL_QUEUE.poll();
System.out.println("[sql]----> " + sql);
this.execute(sql.toString());
}
}
/**
* 数据处理
*
* @param entrys
*/
private void dataHandle(List<Entry> entrys) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
for (Entry entry : entrys) {
if (EntryType.ROWDATA == entry.getEntryType()) {
RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();
if (eventType == EventType.DELETE) {
saveDeleteSql(entry);
} else if (eventType == EventType.UPDATE) {
saveUpdateSql(entry);
} else if (eventType == EventType.INSERT) {
saveInsertSql(entry);
}
}
}
}
/**
* 保存更新语句
*
* @param entry
*/
private void saveUpdateSql(Entry entry) {
try {
RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
List<Column> newColumnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " set ");
for (int i = 0; i < newColumnList.size(); i++) {
sql.append(" " + newColumnList.get(i).getName()
+ " = '" + newColumnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
if (i != newColumnList.size() - 1) {
sql.append(",");
}
}
sql.append(" where ");
List<Column> oldColumnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
for (Column column : oldColumnList) {
if (column.getIsKey()) {
//暂时只支持单一主键
sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
break;
}
}
SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
}
} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 保存删除语句
*
* @param entry
*/
private void saveDeleteSql(Entry entry) {
try {
RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
List<Column> columnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("delete from " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " where ");
for (Column column : columnList) {
if (column.getIsKey()) {
//暂时只支持单一主键
sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
break;
}
}
SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
}
} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 保存插入语句
*
* @param entry
*/
private void saveInsertSql(Entry entry) {
try {
RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
List<Column> columnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("insert into " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " (");
for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
sql.append(columnList.get(i).getName());
if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
sql.append(",");
}
}
sql.append(") VALUES (");
for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
sql.append("'" + columnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
sql.append(",");
}
}
sql.append(")");
SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
}
} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 入库
* @param sql
*/
public void execute(String sql) {
Connection con = null;
try {
if(null == sql) return;
con = dataSource.getConnection();
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
int row = qr.execute(con, sql);
System.out.println("update: "+ row);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DbUtils.closeQuietly(con);
}
}
}
5.启动类
package com.ljf;
import com.ljf.canal.CanalClient;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class App implements CommandLineRunner
{
@Resource
private CanalClient canalClient;
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
//项目启动,执行canal客户端监听
canalClient.run();
}
}
6.启动服务
2.6 测试验证
1.在目的端的数据库,新建一个同样名字的数据库,同样名字的数据表。
如这里源数据库 xx_db, 数据表tb_student;
目的端:
2.在源表中新增数据
3.在目的库中查看
4.查看console
总结: 可以看到新增数据已经同步过来了!