直方图就是用来统计图像的像素信息的,每个颜色级像素的数量是多少,占整幅图像的比率。
所以就首先有了直方图计算;
opencv2有现成的函数calchist,其实原理是一样的,就是统计每个颜色值级别的像素一共有多少
1,灰度直方图计算
首先来看下灰度图的直方图计算
hist1d.h
#ifndef HIST1D_H
#define HIST1D_H
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
class Hist1D{
private:
int histsize[1];
float histrange[2];
const float* ranges[1];
int chanels[1];
public:
Hist1D(){
histsize[0] = 256;
histrange[0] = 0.0;
histrange[1] = 255.0;
ranges[0] = histrange;
chanels[0] = 0;
}
cv::MatND calcHist1D(const cv::Mat& img){
cv::MatND hist;
cv::calcHist(&img,1,chanels,cv::Mat(),hist,1,histsize,ranges);
return hist;
}
cv::Mat getHist1DImg(const cv::Mat& img){
cv::MatND hist;
hist = calcHist1D(img);
double max_hist,min_hist;
cv::minMaxLoc(hist,&min_hist,&max_hist,0,0);
cv::Mat histimg(histsize[0],histsize[0],CV_8U,cv::Scalar(255));
int hpt = static_cast<int>(0.9*histsize[0]);
for (int k=0;k<histsize[0];k++){
float binval = hist.at<float>(k);
int intensity = static_cast<int>(binval * hpt /max_hist);
cv::line(histimg,cv::Point(k,histsize[0]),cv::Point(k,histsize[0]-intensity),cv::Scalar(0));
}
return histimg;
}
};
#endif
hist1d.cpp
#include "hist1d.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(){
Mat img = imread("group.jpg",0);
imshow("src",img);
Hist1D hist1d;
Mat histimg = hist1d.getHist1DImg(img);
imshow("histimg",histimg);
waitKey(0);
}
效果如图
从直方图就可以看出来这幅图主要有两大块区域,区分两大块区域的方法之一,就是找到中间波谷的像素值,然后进行阈值二值化图像。
2,彩色图像直方图计算