python3 50个练习例子之如何在列表，字典，集合中根据条件筛选数据

1.如何在列表，字典，集合中根据条件筛选数据

1. List(Set类似)

• 遍历

import random
data = [random.randint(-10,10) for _ in range(10)] # 推导表达式+随机数生成列表
print(data) # [6, 8, -8, 3, 5, -6, -4, 10, 0, 9]
a = []
for _ in data:# 遍历
    if _ >=0:
        a.append(_)
print(a) # [6, 8, 3, 5, 10, 0, 9]

• filter(function or None,sequence) 函数

import random
data = [random.randint(-10,10) for _ in range(10)] # 推导表达式+随机数生成列表
print(data)  # [-6, 7, 10, 7, -8, -4, -7, 0, -7, 4]
a = list(filter(lambda x:x>=0,data)) # 筛选正数
print(a) # [7, 10, 7, 0, 4]

• 推导表达式（推荐）

import random
data = [random.randint(-10,10) for _ in range(10)] # 推导表达式+随机数生成列表
print(data) # [0, -5, 7, 0, -4, 7, -4, 0, 10, 10]
a = [ _ for _ in data if _ >=0] # [0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 10, 10]
print(a)

2. 字典

• 遍历

import random
import time

data = {_:random.randint(60,100) for _ in range(1,10)} # 推导表达式+随机数生成列表
print(data)  # {1: 74, 2: 81, 3: 65, 4: 98, 5: 100, 6: 72, 7: 63, 8: 73, 9: 92}
t0 = time.clock()
a = {}
for k,v in data.items(): # 分数大于等于80分
    if v >=80:
        a[k] =v
t1 = time.clock()
print(t1-t0) # 7.464441267909994e-06
print(a) # {2: 81, 4: 98, 5: 100, 9: 92}

• 推导表达式（推荐）

import random
import time

data = {_:random.randint(60,100) for _ in range(1,10)} # 推导表达式+随机数生成列表
print(data)  # {1: 92, 2: 75, 3: 100, 4: 81, 5: 76, 6: 89, 7: 74, 8: 79, 9: 97}
t0 = time.clock()
a = {k:v for k,v in data.items() if v >=80} # 分数大于等于80分
t1 = time.clock()
print(t1-t0) # 6.531386109421244e-06
print(a) # {1: 92, 3: 100, 4: 81, 6: 89, 9: 97}