python笔记9--socket初步使用

最近需要写个c/s小应用，因此看了下socket编程，把学习的笔记贴在此处以便于后续查阅。

1 介绍

本文主要介绍基本的socket C/S 编程案例，包括tcp案例和udp案例；

• tcp 编程

  • 服务端主要流程
    socket()->bind()->listen()->accept()->read()->write()

  • 客户端主要流程
    socket()->connect()->write()->read()

    tcp server 通过accept来等待连接，当客户端连接后，就可以通过read读取数据，处理完后通过write发给对应客户端；
    tcp client 通过connect连接服务器，连接后通过write发送数据到server，并通过read接受数据；

• udp 编程

  • 服务端主要流程
    socket()->bind()->recvfrom()->sendto()

  • 客户端主要流程
    socket()->sendto()->recvfrom()

    udp server 通过recvfrom等待客户端数据，当收到数据后进行处理并通过sendto发给对应客户端；
    udp client 建立socket后，直接通过 sendto 想server发送数据，并通过recvfrom接受数据；

2 源码案例

2.1 tcp c/s 案例

• 客户端

  #!/usr/bin/python
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import socket
  
  
  def test_func():
      str_ret = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
      print(str_ret)
      str_ret2 = socket.gethostbyname_ex(str_ret)
      print(str_ret2)
  
  
  def test_socket(host='127.0.0.1', port=1234):
      s = socket.socket()
      try:
          s.connect((host, port))
          data = 'I am client!'
          while data:
              s.send(data.encode('utf-8'))
              data = s.recv(1024)
              print('Receive Data from svr:', data.decode('utf-8'))
              data = input('please input client info(q->exit):\n')
              if data[0] == 'q':
                  break
      except socket.error as err:
          print('socket error: {0}'.format(err))
      finally:
          s.close()
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      print('I am socket client!')
      # test_func()
      test_socket('127.0.0.1', 1234)
  

• 服务端

  #!/usr/bin/python
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import socket
  import datetime
  
  
  def test_func():
      str_ret = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
      print(str_ret)
      str_ret2 = socket.gethostbyname_ex(str_ret)
      print(str_ret2)
  
  
  def test_socket(host='127.0.0.1', port=1234):
      s = socket.socket()
      s.bind((host, port))
      s.listen(5)
      client, addr = s.accept()
      print('client addr:', addr)
      while True:
          data = client.recv(1024)
          if not data:
              break
          print('Receive Data:', data.decode('utf-8'))
          str_send = 'I have received at ' +   datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')
          client.send(str_send.encode('utf-8'))
      client.close()
      s.close()
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      print('I am socket server!')
      # test_func()
      test_socket('127.0.0.1', 1234)
  

• 测试

  sever：
  $ python tcp_svr01.py 
  I am socket server!
  client addr: ('127.0.0.1', 45270)
  Receive Data: I am client!
  Receive Data: test tcp
  
  client：
  $ python tcp_client01.py 
  I am socket client!
  Receive Data from svr: I have received at 2020/02/15 17:49:21
  please input client info(q->exit):
  test tcp
  Receive Data from svr: I have received at 2020/02/15 17:49:30
  please input client info(q->exit):
  q
  

2.2 udp c/s 案例

• 客户端

  #!/usr/bin/python
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import socket
  
  
  def test_socket(host='127.0.0.1', port=2234):
      s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
      try:
          data = 'I am client!'
          while data:
              s.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'), (host, port))
              data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
              print('Receive Data from svr:', data.decode('utf-8'))
              data = input('please input client info(q->exit):\n')
              if data[0] == 'q':
                  break
      except socket.error as err:
          print('socket error: {0}'.format(err))
      finally:
          s.close()
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      print('I am udp socket client!')
      test_socket('127.0.0.1', 2234)
  

• 服务端

  #!/usr/bin/python
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import socket
  import datetime
  
  
  def test_socket(host='127.0.0.1', port=2234):
      s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
      s.bind((host, port))
  
      while True:
          data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
          if not data:
              break
          if data.decode('utf-8')[0] == 'q':
              break
          print('Receive Data:', data.decode('utf-8'))
          str_send = 'I have received at ' + datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')
          s.sendto(str_send.encode('utf-8'), addr)
      s.close()
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      print('I am udp socket server!')
      test_socket('127.0.0.1', 2234)
  

• 测试

  server：
  $ python udp_svr01.py 
  I am udp socket server!
  Receive Data: I am client!
  Receive Data: test udp
  
  client：
  $ python udp_client01.py 
  I am udp socket client!
  Receive Data from svr: I have received at 2020/02/15 17:59:14
  please input client info(q->exit):
  test udp
  Receive Data from svr: I have received at 2020/02/15 17:59:21
  please input client info(q->exit):
  q
  

3 说明

当前测试环境为Ubuntu1910，Python3.7.